https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/optional-basic-life-support-practical https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1291.mp4 Optional basic life support practical by Zoom Enhance Your Learning Experience with a Practical Component Step-by-Step Guide to Upgrading Your Course Enhance your online learning with a practical assessment for a comprehensive qualification. Completing the Online Course Start by finishing the online course module to lay a solid theoretical foundation. Purchasing the Practical Kit Visit our online store, accessible at the bottom of any page on our websites. Purchase the inflatable manikin and skill evaluation session. Scheduling Your Assessment Upon receiving your manikin, contact us to arrange a virtual assessment via Zoom. Options Post-Assessment Retain the manikin for future training sessions. Opt for a partial refund by returning the manikin. Face-to-Face Training Opportunities For a more hands-on experience, inquire about our in-person practical training sessions. Contact Us For more details or to discuss your training needs, please feel free to reach out to us. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2299/Optional_basic_life_support_practical_by_Zoom-01.jpg Yes 47 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/when-to-call-for-assistance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1946.mp4 When to call for assistance Calling for Help and Starting CPR: What to Do First As soon as you realise a casualty is unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately and ask for an ambulance. Use your mobile phone on speakerphone so you can begin CPR while speaking to the call handler. If someone is with you, ask them to make the call while you start CPR straight away. Why Calling Emergency Services Early Matters When someone collapses or appears unconscious, help must be requested as quickly as possible. The emergency medical services (EMS) dispatcher can rapidly assess the situation and determine the most appropriate response. Waiting to decide what to do wastes valuable time. The sooner EMS are activated, the greater the chance of survival. CPR alone is not enough if professional help is not on the way. An AED and advanced care are essential. For every minute an AED is delayed, the chance of survival falls by around 10%. Early CPR combined with rapid EMS activation significantly improves outcomes. What to Do If More Than One Rescuer Is Present If there is more than one rescuer available: One rescuer should start CPR immediately The other should call emergency services and look for an AED This teamwork minimises delays and maximises the chance of successful resuscitation. What to Do If You Are Alone If you are alone with the casualty: Call emergency services on speakerphone Do not leave the casualty to look for an AED Start CPR immediately The EMS will bring an AED. By starting CPR early, you increase the likelihood that defibrillation will be successful when it arrives. Leaving the casualty to search for an AED reduces blood flow to the brain and lowers their chance of survival. Minimising Interruptions to CPR Keeping chest compressions going is critical. If the casualty is an infant or small child, it may be possible to carry them with you while summoning help, reducing interruptions to CPR. Once you have called EMS, the dispatcher can: Guide you through full CPR, or Support you with chest-compression-only CPR Using speakerphone allows you to receive clear, step-by-step instructions while continuing life-saving care. Key Points to Remember Call emergency services as soon as the casualty is unresponsive Use speakerphone so you can start CPR immediately Do not delay CPR to look for an AED if you are alone Early CPR and early EMS activation save lives Act fast, keep compressions going, and get help on the way. These actions give the casualty the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3505/When_to_call_for_Assistance.jpg Yes 112 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/fears-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/97.mp4 Fears of First Aid Addressing Common Fears in First Aid Training People attending first aid training often express initial reluctance due to various fears and concerns. Addressing these fears and demonstrating how they can be easily managed makes the training more enjoyable and understandable. Fear of Infection Some participants worry about coming into contact with blood, vomit, or other bodily fluids. First aid training teaches the effective use of barriers such as gloves and face shields to protect first aiders from infections like HIV or Hepatitis. Fear of Doing Harm The fear of doing something wrong or hurting the patient is common, especially when delivering chest compressions during CPR. It is important to remember that a non-breathing patient with no heartbeat is already in a critical state, and CPR can only help. The most harm would come from not performing chest compressions at all. Your training will help you respond appropriately to various situations. Fear of Litigation Concerns about potential litigation can be addressed through proper training. If you always ask for permission to help, follow the rules and workplace policies, and act within the boundaries of your training, the likelihood of being sued is low. Fear for Personal Safety First aiders should prioritize their own safety to avoid becoming patients themselves. Training emphasises the importance of always stopping, thinking, and then acting before approaching any emergency situation. This includes using scene safety measures to ensure your well-being. By addressing these fears in first aid training, participants can gain confidence and be better prepared to handle emergencies effectively and safely. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/147/Fears_of_First_Aid-01.jpg Yes 182 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/scene-safety-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/101.mp4 Scene Safety Ensuring Scene Safety: A Crucial Step Understanding the Situation Before taking any action, it's vital to assess the safety of the scene. In this simulated scenario, let's consider a car accident: Initial Caution: Avoid rushing in immediately. Survey the scene for potential hazards and dangers. Multiple Factors: For a car accident, assess the presence of other vehicles, bystanders, and the number of individuals involved. Risk Assessment: Perform a swift risk evaluation, considering various elements. Understanding the Vehicle When approaching a vehicle, be alert to specific risks and potential dangers: Fluid Presence: Check for any spilled fluids, such as water, oil, petrol, or diesel, as they may pose a fire hazard. Glass Hazards: Be cautious of broken glass resulting from the accident. Cargo Inspection: If it's a van or similar vehicle, consider what it may be carrying, especially chemicals or gas. Safe Approach Remember the mantra: Stop, Think, Act. Maintain a strategic approach to ensure safety while offering assistance: Engage From the Front: When communicating with the injured party, approach from the front to prevent unnecessary head movement. Establish Identity: Clearly introduce yourself: "I'm Keith, a first aider. Can I help you?" Maintain communication from a distance during the assessment phase. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Don gloves as a precaution before moving closer to the patient. Ensuring Head Stability When approaching the vehicle, be mindful of potential spinal injuries: Control Head Movement: Politely instruct the individual to keep their head still. This step is especially important in suspected spinal injury cases. Effective Communication Engage in a dialogue with the injured party while maintaining vigilance for any evolving dangers: Gathering Information: Ask pertinent questions such as "Are you alone? Is there anyone else in the vehicle? Are there any hazardous materials in the vehicle?" Comfort and Reassurance: A compassionate and informative approach helps ease the patient's anxiety. Calling for Assistance If the scene reveals minor injuries or conditions you can't manage, promptly activate the appropriate emergency services: Clear Reporting: Clearly communicate the nature of the situation to the emergency services dispatcher. Request Assistance: Depending on the circumstances, request an ambulance, police, or other relevant services as needed. Conclusion These safety procedures apply to various scenarios, whether involving adults in car accidents or children requiring assistance. Prioritising scene safety ensures effective care delivery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/155/Scene_Safety-01.jpg Yes 285 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/permission-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/98.mp4 Asking permission and consent to help Obtaining Consent in First Aid Situations Introduction and Permission When faced with a first aid scenario, it's crucial to follow proper protocol, beginning with a courteous introduction. Always introduce yourself and request the patient's permission to offer assistance. Consent Verification If the patient grants consent, whether through verbal affirmation, a nod, or by extending an injured limb for examination, you are legally authorized to proceed with your assistance. Respecting Patient's Wishes If, however, the patient declines your aid, you must respect their decision and refrain from any form of intervention. In such cases: Emergency Services: If the patient refuses help, promptly contact the emergency services for professional assistance. Refer to Supervisors or Family: Consider involving the patient's supervisor or family members to address their concerns and provide reassurance. Open Communication: Engage in a compassionate conversation with the patient, focusing on comforting and calming them despite your inability to assist directly. Unconscious Patients Even when dealing with an unconscious casualty, the principles of consent still apply. In such instances, consent may be implied as most individuals in this condition would likely accept aid if conscious: Verbal Interaction: Communicate with the unconscious patient as speaking to them can offer comfort. Hearing is often one of the last senses to diminish. Workplace Duty of Care It's important to recognize that in the workplace, as a designated first aider, you may hold a duty of care towards employees or colleagues. In such circumstances, the injured party may be required to seek your assistance: Employee Seeking Help: In situations where you have a duty of care, the casualty may be compelled to approach you for assistance. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/149/ProTrainings-01.jpg Yes 217 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/face-shields-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/100.mp4 How to use face shields Face Shields and Pocket Masks: Protection During First Aid Face shields offer a simple, effective, and affordable means of protection against coming into contact with vomit, blood, or other substances when providing rescue breaths. If you don't have a face shield or cannot give rescue breaths, you can perform chest compressions only. Types of Face Shields While packaging and design may vary, there are two main types of face shields: Filter paper: These face shields have filter paper to blow through. One-way valve: These face shields feature a one-way valve for exhalation. Both types allow you to squeeze the nose and provide a barrier against substances. Face shields are available with a pouch and keyring, so they're always at hand. All BSI first-aid kits include some form of face shield. Pocket Masks Pocket masks are another type of face shield. They seal around the face and feature a one-way valve for ventilation. Air enters the patient's mouth and nose during rescue breaths. Typically, pocket masks come in a plastic case. To remove the mask, push it until it pops up. An elastic band can be placed around the patient's head to secure the mask, and an air-filled sack around the mask ensures a proper seal. Pocket masks can also be used with oxygen if available. Disposing of Face Shields Face shields are single-use only and should be disposed of safely after use. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/153/How_to_use_face_sheilds-01.jpg Yes 92 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/adult-cpr-hand-over-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/105.mp4 CPR Hand Over Optimizing CPR Efforts: Sharing the Work and Guidelines 1. The Importance of Sharing CPR Efforts Providing CPR can be physically demanding and exhausting. To maintain effectiveness, consider sharing the work with another rescuer. Collaboration with another rescuer helps alleviate fatigue. CPR training is not essential for the second rescuer; instructions can be provided. 2. Coordinated CPR Assistance Efficiently coordinate CPR efforts with a second rescuer: The primary rescuer guides and demonstrates the required actions while performing chest compressions. During the breaths phase, the second rescuer prepares to immediately resume compressions once the breaths are completed. 3. Rotation Every Two Minutes Maintain CPR effectiveness through regular rotation: Consider swapping roles every two minutes to combat rescuer fatigue. If you have no additional assistance and become tired, focus on chest compressions, taking a break from breaths. 4. Staying Updated with CPR Guidelines Stay informed with the latest CPR guidelines: Adhere to the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Stay prepared for future updates and revisions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/163/CPR_Hand_Over-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/calling-the-ems https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/868.mp4 Calling the Emergency Services Activating Emergency Medical Services: A Vital Process Immediate First Aid Providing initial first aid is essential, but remember to promptly involve the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for professional assistance. Unified Emergency Number Regardless of the specific emergency service required, the contact number remains consistent. A delay in activating the EMS can have severe consequences: Call 999 or 112: These numbers are universally effective; choose either when in need. Both can be dialled from mobiles and landline phones. Effective Communication When making the call, consider using a hands-free or speakerphone mode to allow multitasking while communicating with the emergency services. They will guide you accordingly: Priority Categorization: The EMS will assess the situation and classify the call by priority. Examples include Category A for life-threatening scenarios and Category B for less critical cases. Service Selection: Specify the required service, which could be an ambulance, fire, police, Coast Guard, or other relevant services. The EMS may dispatch additional units as necessary. Clear Information: Provide a concise description of the situation initially. Answer any further questions as needed. Detailed location information is vital. Location Precision Ensuring accurate location details is critical. Use technology like 'what3words' or location apps for precise coordinates. The EMS can sometimes track your location via phone signals: Scene Safety: Make the environment safe and accessible for the emergency services. Unlock doors, illuminate the area, and secure pets if applicable. Workplace Awareness: Inform colleagues and reception about the EMS's impending arrival to prevent confusion. Assistance Guide: If others are present, delegate someone to meet and guide the EMS to your location, enhancing efficiency. Alternative Contact Methods Consider scenarios where traditional phone calls may not be possible, such as remote locations: Use of Radios: Learn how to operate two-way radios or satellite phones when needed for emergencies. Text Communication: If hearing-impaired, set up emergency service notification via text messages (details available in the download area). Keeping the Line Open If circumstances change or you require updates, don't hesitate to call EMS again. They can stay on the line to assist until their arrival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1509/Calling_the_Emergency_Services-01.jpg Yes 265 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/barriers-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/96.mp4 Using gloves Importance of Gloves in Emergency First Aid Fear of Infection in First Aid For some individuals, the fear of infection can discourage them from providing emergency first aid. However, safeguarding yourself from potential infection is crucial when assisting a patient. Gloves play a pivotal role in facilitating your response and ensuring protection. Types of Gloves Various glove options are available for first aid, with nitrile and vinyl being commonly used: Nitrile Gloves: Widely used in first aid, available in different colours, and suitable for various purposes. Vinyl Gloves: Commonly used in food preparation but less durable; handle with care to prevent tearing. Latex Gloves: Now less common due to allergy risks, particularly latex allergies. Gloves can be powdered or powder-free, with powder facilitating easier wear but posing potential allergy issues. Putting On and Changing Gloves Proper glove usage is essential: Ensure there are no rings that could damage the gloves. Inspect gloves for any holes or tears before wearing them. Follow the correct method for putting on gloves, as demonstrated in the video. If dealing with multiple patients, change gloves to prevent cross-contamination. Safe Glove Removal Removing gloves correctly is vital to prevent contact with blood or bodily fluids: Dispose of used gloves, along with other soiled items, in a biohazard bag or bin. Never dispose of gloves in general waste, as they may pose a risk to others. Workplaces may have specific rules for glove and infected material disposal; always adhere to local guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/145/Using_Gloves-01.jpg Yes 153 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/chain-of-survival-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/94.mp4 Chain of Survival The Chain of Survival: Giving Cardiac Arrest Patients the Best Chance of Survival The Chain of Survival describes the essential steps that give a person in cardiac arrest the best possible chance of surviving and recovering with a good quality of life. Each link in the chain is vital, and every second counts. If any one link is weak or delayed, the chances of survival fall dramatically. When all links are strong, outcomes improve and more people return to their families and communities. Link 1: Early Recognition and Calling for Help The first link focuses on recognising serious illness early and calling for help before cardiac arrest occurs. Early warning signs may include: Sudden collapse Difficulty breathing Chest pain Rapid deterioration or reduced responsiveness If you suspect someone is becoming seriously unwell or unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately. Early activation of emergency medical services (EMS) ensures advanced care is on the way as soon as possible. In some cases, early intervention may even prevent cardiac arrest from happening. Link 2: Early CPR and Defibrillation This link is about preserving the brain and restarting the heart. If a person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, they are in cardiac arrest. Start CPR immediately High-quality chest compressions maintain blood flow to the brain and vital organs Defibrillation is the next critical step. Early use of an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) dramatically improves survival. Modern AEDs are safe, simple to use, and provide clear voice prompts. The sooner a shock is delivered, the greater the chance of restoring a normal heart rhythm. Link 3: Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care When the heart restarts, this is known as ROSC – Return of Spontaneous Circulation. At this point, care must continue immediately. This stage focuses on optimising brain and heart function and preventing further deterioration. Key priorities include: Maintaining adequate oxygenation and ventilation Stabilising blood pressure Treating ongoing or recurrent arrhythmias Identifying and correcting reversible causes This phase is critical for protecting the brain, supporting the heart, and reducing the risk of another cardiac arrest. Link 4: Survival and Recovery The final link focuses on restoring quality of life. Survival is not just about restarting the heart. It is about helping the person recover physically, mentally, and emotionally. This stage may involve: Specialist neurological care Rehabilitation and physiotherapy Management of long-term heart or medical conditions Emotional and psychological support Good post-resuscitation care helps patients regain independence and return to a meaningful life after cardiac arrest. Why the Chain of Survival Matters The Chain of Survival highlights that every link matters: Early Recognition and Calling for Help Early CPR and Defibrillation Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care Survival and Recovery When each link is strong, more lives are saved, and more people return to their families and communities with positive long-term outcomes. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/141/Chain_of_Survival.jpg Yes 187 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/course-introduction---basic-life-support-level-1 https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4217.mp4 Course introduction ProTrainings Level 1 Basic Life Support Course Introduction Course Overview Welcome to ProTrainings' Level 1 Basic Life Support course, aligned with the UK Core Skills Training Framework (UK-CSTF) for non-clinical workers. Interactive and Flexible Learning Engage with a series of instructional videos and knowledge review questions. Convenient start-stop feature to learn at your own pace. Access course material on any device, from desktops to mobiles. Comprehensive Support and Resources Text support and subtitles available for each course section. Access additional assistance for challenging questions. Certification and Course Access On completion, print your certificates and download useful resources. Continuous access to course content for eight months post-completion. For Employers and Training Managers Explore our free company dashboards for staff training management. Contact us for tailored company solutions. Stay Updated and Refreshed Register for weekly video refresher emails and stay informed with our blog updates. Enroll and Enjoy the Learning Experience Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. We wish you a fruitful and engaging learning journey. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7573/Course_introduction-01.jpg Yes 132 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/compressions-only-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/106.mp4 Compressions Only CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Compression-Only CPR In this film, we will show you what to do if an adult suddenly collapses and is not breathing normally, following the latest Resuscitation Council UK guidelines using compression-only CPR. Even if you have never received CPR training, your actions can still save a life. The most important things are to act quickly, call 999, start chest compressions, and keep going until help arrives. Step 1: Check for Danger Before helping, make sure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Broken glass or sharp objects If it is safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake the casualty’s shoulders and shout: “Are you OK?” If there is no response: Shout for help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker, and fetch an AED if one is available If you are on your own, call 999 on your mobile and put it on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway Look for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds Check whether the chest rises and falls normally If the person is not breathing normally, or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Tell the 999 operator that the person is not breathing normally. An ambulance will be dispatched immediately. Step 4: Start Chest Compressions Begin chest compressions straight away. The call handler may say: “Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest, put your other hand on top, and push hard and fast.” How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top and keep your arms straight Push down hard and fast, to a depth of 5–6 cm Allow the chest to fully rise after each compression Continue at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) You can keep time to the beat of a familiar song such as “Stayin’ Alive” or “Baby Shark”, which both match the correct rhythm. Keep Going Until Help Arrives Do not stop CPR unless: The person starts breathing normally or begins to move Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted Using an AED If an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately Follow the spoken instructions The AED will tell you when to stop compressions and when to restart If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If normal breathing returns: Stop chest compressions Carefully roll the person onto their side into the recovery position Keep the airway open with the head slightly tilted back Stay with them and monitor their breathing until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone If the person is not breathing normally, start chest compressions straight away Compress the centre of the chest 5–6 cm deep Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its instructions Even if you are untrained, doing something is always better than doing nothing Act fast, keep pushing, and do not stop. Your actions could save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/165/ADULT_Compression_Only_CPR.jpg Yes 201 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/course-summary-optionalblended https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4815.mp4 Course Summary Congratulations on Completing Your Course! Flexible Learning Options Our courses offer the flexibility of 100% online learning. Additionally, you have the option to enhance your skills with a practical session. Practical Skills Session If you prefer hands-on training, our approved and monitored instructors can conduct practical skills sessions at your workplace, regional training centres, or even virtually through our online training platform. Locating a Local Instructor If you need assistance finding a nearby instructor or wish to arrange a workplace visit, please get in touch with us via phone, email, or our online chat feature. Access and Review You'll have access to the course for eight months, allowing you to revisit and refresh your skills. Keep an eye out for any new instructional videos we may add. Course Test Now, it's time to take the course test. You have the opportunity to review videos, documents, and student resources before starting the test. Test Guidelines The test has no time limit but must be completed in one sitting. Questions include multiple-choice and true/false. Incorrect answers prompt additional guidance, and you can make different choices without affecting your final score. Adaptive Testing System Our adaptive testing system ensures that each participant receives different questions. Successful completion of each course section is required. If you don't pass a section, extra questions will be provided, and you can retake the test after reviewing course materials. Completion Certificates Once you pass the test, you can print your completion certificate. Visit the course homepage anytime to print your Certified CPD statement and evidence-based learning statement. Explore Our Offerings ProTrainings offers a wide range of courses, with over 300 available at regional centres or your workplace. Many are offered as remote virtual courses, with live online instruction. Contact Us For course inquiries or group training solutions, please reach out to us at 01206 805359 or via email at support@protrainings.uk. Thank you for selecting ProTrainings! Best of luck with your test. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8581/Course_Summary-01.jpg Yes 161 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/what3words---location-app https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4780.mp4 What3Words - location app Using What3Words to Pinpoint Your Location for Emergency Services When calling emergency medical services, accurately describing your location can be difficult, especially in remote or unfamiliar areas. What3Words is an app that helps solve this problem by pinpointing your exact location using three unique words. How What3Words Works What3Words assigns three random words to a 3-meter by 3-meter square on the Earth's surface. By providing these words to emergency services, they can quickly and accurately find your location. Using the What3Words Website You can use the What3Words website (www.what3words.com) to find your current location or search for a specific address. The algorithm also includes error checking to ensure that slightly incorrect words still lead to the correct location. Using the What3Words App By downloading the What3Words app on your smartphone, you can easily find your current location and store saved locations for future reference. Who Uses What3Words? Around 80% of UK emergency services now use What3Words, along with roadside assistance services like the AA and various UK delivery companies. How to Find Your Location Using What3Words Visit www.what3words.com or open the app. Search for a postcode, or place, or allow the app to find your current location. Select the correct 3-meter square on the map to generate the three unique words for that location. Take note of the three words for future reference or to share with emergency services. What3Words is an innovative and effective way to pinpoint your exact location, no matter where you are in the world. Give it a try to ensure your safety during emergencies. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8507/What3Words_-_location_app.jpg Yes 119 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/initial-assessment-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/102.mp4 Initial Assessment and Recovery Position Managing an Unconscious Casualty: A First Aider’s Guide When you are called to help someone who is unconscious, your actions need to be calm, structured, and deliberate. As a first aider, your priorities are to call for help, keep yourself safe, assess the casualty, and protect their airway. Stop, Think, and Act Before approaching, pause and assess the scene. Look for hazards that could put you or the casualty at risk Remove dangers if it is safe to do so Be alert for traffic, electricity, violence, or environmental risks If possible, make sure someone is with you so they can call the emergency services if required. Initial Contact and Response Check Approach the casualty and introduce yourself: “Hello, my name’s Keith. I’m a first aider.” Gently tap the casualty on the collarbone and ask permission to help. If they are conscious, talk to them, find out what has happened, and encourage them to remain still while you assess the situation. If they are unconscious, you must immediately check whether they are breathing. Checking for Breathing To check breathing, you must first open the airway. Place one hand on the forehead and the other under the chin Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to move the tongue away from the back of the throat Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed With the airway open, look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds: Look for the chest rising and falling Listen for breathing sounds Feel for air on your cheek If the casualty is not breathing normally, you must start CPR immediately. If the Casualty Is Breathing Normally If the casualty is breathing, CPR is not required. However, you must still send someone to call an ambulance. Make sure they return and tell you when help is on the way. Your next priority is to maintain an open airway and prevent choking. Placing the Casualty in the Recovery Position The recovery position helps keep the airway open and allows fluids, such as vomit, to drain safely from the mouth. If gloves are available, put them on and carry out a quick head-to-toe check before moving the casualty: Check the head, shoulders, arms, and chest for deformity, bleeding, or fluid Check the hips and legs are in a normal position If no injuries are found, place the casualty into the recovery position: How to Put Someone into the Recovery Position Kneel beside the casualty Straighten both legs and bring the feet together Place the arm nearest to you out at a right angle to the body Take the far arm and bring it across the chest, holding the hand against the cheek nearest to you With your other hand, bend the far knee so the foot is flat on the floor Using the knee as a lever, gently roll the casualty towards you onto their side Once they are on their side: Check the airway is open Tilt the head slightly back if needed to maintain breathing Adjust the legs to help support the position Ongoing Care From this point, your role is to: Keep the casualty comfortable and warm Speak to them reassuringly, even if they remain unconscious Monitor breathing continuously If you are completely alone and have no phone, you may need to leave the casualty briefly to call emergency services. If you do: Check they are breathing before you leave Check again immediately when you return Important Guidance on Injuries and the Recovery Position Current guidance from the UK Resuscitation Council and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) states: The recovery position is ideal for an unconscious casualty who is not injured If the casualty is injured, it is usually best to leave them on their back to avoid worsening injuries If the airway is compromised, or there is fluid in the mouth, the casualty may need to be placed in the recovery position despite injury If you must leave an injured casualty to get help, place them in the recovery position to protect their airway Key Points to Remember Stop, think, and ensure the scene is safe Check response and breathing early Start CPR if they are not breathing normally Use the recovery position to protect the airway when breathing is present Monitor continuously until emergency help arrives Calm, structured actions save lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/157/Initial_Assessment___Recovery_Position.jpg Yes 231 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/differences-in-child-size-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/167.mp4 Differences in Child Size https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/287/Differences_in_Child_Size-01.jpg Yes 110 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/waiting-for-the-ems-to-arrive https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1556.mp4 Waiting for the E.M.S to arrive What to Do While Waiting for EMS Emergency Preparedness Primary Concern: Patient's well-being should be your top priority while waiting for EMS. Bystander Assistance: Consider involving nearby bystanders who may be able to provide help. Effective Communication Phone Information: Provide detailed information over the phone to EMS, helping them anticipate the situation. Accessibility: Identify any obstacles like obstructive cars or movable items and address them safely. Bystander Support Assistance Seekers: Ask bystanders to assist by locating and guiding the ambulance to your location. Home Safety: Ensure pets are secured and illuminate your home during nighttime emergencies for better visibility. Patient's Medical Details Medications and Conditions: Inquire about the patient's medications and medical conditions to relay to EMS. Doctor's Information: Collect the patient's doctor's details and check if they are currently under hospital care. Workplace Awareness Alert Reception: Inform reception and relevant personnel at the workplace about the accident and EMS arrival. Preventing Delays: Avoid delays in EMS arrival by ensuring everyone is aware of the situation. Stay Connected Mobile Availability: Keep your mobile phone with you to ensure EMS can reach you at any time. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2731/Waiting_for_the_E.M.S_to_arrive-01.jpg Yes 231 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/hand-washing https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/709.mp4 Hand Washing Proper Hand Washing Technique in Healthcare Importance of Effective Hand Washing Hand washing is a crucial practice in healthcare to maintain hygiene. While alcohol gels have their uses, they are limited in effectiveness. Proper hand washing with soap and water, followed by thorough drying, is essential for optimal cleanliness. Hand Washing Method Follow the recommended NHS technique for comprehensive hand washing. This method involves specific hand positions, with each action repeated five times: Hand Wetting: Start by thoroughly wetting both hands, ensuring water covers all areas to be washed. Soap Application: Apply a generous amount of soap to your wet hands. Rub your hands together to distribute the soap evenly. Position 1 - Circles: In this hand position, perform circular motions, repeating five times. Position 2 - Interlace and In-Between: Turn one hand over and interlace your fingers, focusing on the areas between the fingers. Repeat five times, then reverse hands. Position 3 - Palms and Fingers: Instead of the backs of your hands, focus on the front. Wash the palms and spaces between the fingers five times. Position 4 - Thumbs: Pay special attention to the thumbs, using a circular motion for thorough cleaning. Position 5 - Wrist: Finally, wash the wrists while gripping the height of the fingers with both hands. Repeat five times. Final Steps After thoroughly washing your hands: Drying: Use paper towels to dry your hands completely, ensuring no moisture remains. Tap Closure: Turn off the tap using your elbow to avoid recontaminating your hands. Dispose of Towel: Dispose of the paper towel in a designated bin. By following this hand washing technique, you can ensure your hands are clean and minimise the risk of infection transmission in healthcare settings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1215/Hand_Washing-01.jpg Yes 230 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/infant-recovery-position https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/284.mp4 Infant Recovery Position Recovery Position for Infants Differences in the Recovery Position Using the recovery position for adults and children differs significantly from what you should do when dealing with an infant (under 1 year old). It's crucial to adapt your approach for their specific needs. Steps for Infant Recovery Follow these steps when dealing with an unconscious infant: Cradle the Infant: After confirming no injuries and checking for breathing, cradle the infant in your arms. Hold them facing you with their head tilted downward. Proper Support: Support their body using your arm and one hand while your other hand cradles their head securely. Choking and Vomit Prevention: This position prevents choking on the tongue or inhaling vomit. It also allows for easy monitoring. Continual Monitoring: Regularly check for breathing and assess their circulation by observing the color of their lips. Keep a close watch for signs of regaining consciousness. Comfort and Warmth: Holding them this way provides comfort and warmth to the infant during this critical time. Calling for Help If necessary, you can call emergency services or ask someone for assistance. However, ensure that you remain cautious while moving around. Your primary focus must always be on the infant's well-being, but it's equally important to avoid accidents like slipping, tripping, or falling. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/515/Infant_Recovery_Position-01.jpg Yes 74 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/adult-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/104.mp4 Adult CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Step-by-Step CPR and AED Guidance Adult cardiac arrest is a time-critical emergency, often caused by sudden cardiac arrhythmia, usually linked to underlying heart disease. Immediate action — calling for help, starting CPR, and using an AED — gives the best chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the casualty, always ensure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Fire Electricity Broken glass or sharp objects If it's safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake their shoulders and ask: “Are you alright?” If there is no response, shout for help. If someone is nearby, ask them to: Call 999 immediately and put the phone on speaker Bring an AED if available If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone so the emergency operator can guide you through CPR. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Next, you need to check for normal breathing: Open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift (place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin, gently tilting the head back) Look into the mouth and remove any visible obstruction, but only if it can be easily seen and removed Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds If the casualty is not breathing normally or only gasping, assume cardiac arrest and start CPR immediately. Step 4: Start CPR Without Delay Tell the 999 operator that the casualty is not breathing normally. The operator will dispatch an ambulance and guide you through CPR step-by-step. How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top, interlock your fingers, and keep your arms straight Press down firmly to a depth of 5–6 cm Release fully after each compression, allowing the chest to rise Continue compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute (about two compressions per second) Tip: You can time compressions to the beat of a familiar song like “Stayin' Alive” or “Baby Shark”, both of which match the right rhythm. Step 5: Give Rescue Breaths After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths: Re-open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift Pinch the nose closed and seal your mouth over theirs Blow steadily for about one second, watching for the chest to rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the second breath Return immediately to chest compressions. If you are unable or unwilling to give breaths, continue with chest compressions only — these are still highly effective and strongly recommended. Step 6: Use an AED as Soon as It Arrives When an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately and follow the spoken instructions Expose the chest and attach the pads as shown on the diagram: One pad just below the right collarbone One pad on the left side of the chest, below the armpit The AED will analyse the heart rhythm. Ensure no one is touching the casualty during this step. If a shock is advised, ensure everyone is clear, say “Stand clear,” and press the shock button. Immediately resume CPR after the shock, starting with chest compressions. If no shock is advised, continue CPR as before. Step 7: Continue Until Help Arrives Continue CPR until: The person starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement, eye opening, or coughing Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If the person starts breathing normally: Stop compressions and place them in the recovery position Keep the airway open and the head slightly tilted back Monitor their breathing continuously until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone Start CPR if the person is not breathing normally Perform 30 compressions to 2 breaths, compressing 5–6 cm at a rate of 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its voice instructions If you cannot give breaths, perform continuous chest compressions until help arrives Every second counts. Your quick actions can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/161/ADULT_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 273 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/three-steps-to-save-a-life https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7078.mp4 Three Steps to Save a Life (2025) The Three Steps to Save a Life: A Simple Emergency Guide The Three Steps to Save a Life approach is an easy, effective method that anyone can use during an emergency. At the heart of the Resuscitation Council UK guidelines, this process shows that you do not need medical training to make a lifesaving difference. Step 1 – Check Check for Safety Before you approach the casualty, ensure the area is safe. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Other environmental dangers Check Responsiveness Once it’s safe, assess whether the person can respond: Gently tap their shoulders Ask loudly, “Are you alright?” If they do not respond and appear unresponsive, move immediately to Step 2. Step 2 – Call Call 999 (or 112 in Europe) without delay. Put your phone on speaker to keep your hands free. The emergency operator will guide you step-by-step. Check Breathing With Guidance The dispatcher will help you assess for normal breathing. Look, listen, and feel for no more than 10 seconds. If the person is not breathing normally or is only gasping, tell the operator immediately. They will talk you through starting CPR. Step 3 – CPR and AED Start CPR Immediately If breathing is absent or abnormal: Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest Put your other hand on top Begin compressions at 100–120 per minute Press down about 5 cm each time Allow the chest to fully rise between compressions Use an AED if Available If an AED is nearby: Turn it on immediately Follow the voice prompts The device will tell you when to pause, stand clear, or resume compressions The emergency dispatcher will stay on the line and support you until professional help arrives. Why These Three Steps Matter Remember: Check • Call • Start CPR with an AED. These quick, simple actions can double or even triple a person’s chance of survival. You don’t need to be a doctor — just willing to act. Your hands, your phone, and your courage truly can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12822/Three_Steps_to_Save_a_Life_2.jpg Yes 149 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/adult-cpr-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/103.mp4 Adult CPR Introduction What Is CPR and How Does It Work? CPR, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is a life-saving technique used when someone is not breathing normally. Its purpose is simple but vital: to keep oxygen-rich blood circulating around the body until professional help arrives. How CPR Keeps the Body Alive During CPR, you push down firmly on the chest. This action squeezes the heart, forcing blood out of it and around the body. Although CPR does not restart the heart, it helps maintain circulation to the brain and other vital organs. The heart itself is divided into two sides: The right side pumps blood to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen. The oxygen-rich blood then returns to the left side, which pumps it around the body through the arteries. This continuous cycle supplies oxygen to the organs and tissues throughout your life. The heart automatically adjusts its speed, beating faster during exercise and slowing when you rest. What Happens in Cardiac Arrest The heart beats because it produces small electrical impulses from its natural pacemakers. These signals cause the heart muscle to contract in a coordinated way. However, problems can occur. For example: A blockage can reduce the supply of oxygen-rich blood. The heart can enter cardiac arrest, where it stops beating effectively. In around 85–90% of cardiac arrests, the heart goes into a rhythm called ventricular fibrillation (VF). In VF, the heart muscle twitches or quivers instead of pumping, meaning no blood is circulated. Why CPR and Defibrillation Are Essential When the heart is in VF, CPR is used to manually pump blood by pressing on the breastbone and compressing the heart. This keeps oxygen moving around the body but does not restart the heart. The only way to restart the heart is with a defibrillator. A defibrillator delivers a controlled electrical shock designed to stop the abnormal rhythm and allow the heart to resume a normal beat. Paramedics may also give medications to support recovery. When to Start CPR CPR may sound technical, but the decision to start is very simple. You do not need to know what the heart is doing. If a person is: Unresponsive, and Not breathing normally Then CPR must be started immediately. Why Your Actions Matter Survival rates following cardiac arrest are strongly influenced by what you do: No CPR: Survival rate is around 4.3% Chest compressions only: Survival increases to around 7.7% Full CPR (compressions and breaths): Survival rises to approximately 13.6% These figures show a clear message: taking action saves lives. Key Message You do not need medical knowledge to save a life. If someone is not breathing, start CPR immediately. Chest compressions keep blood flowing, and early defibrillation gives the heart the chance to restart. Doing something is always better than doing nothing. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/159/Introduction_to_CPR.jpg Yes 156 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/video/cpr-and-the-female-casualty https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7122.mp4 CPR and the female casualty CPR and the Female Casualty: What Every First Aider Needs to Know In this film, we are going to look at CPR and defibrillation for a female casualty. This is an extremely important topic, as women are statistically less likely to receive life-saving CPR or early defibrillation. Understanding why this happens helps us improve care and save more lives. Why Female Casualties Receive Less CPR Research shows that a female casualty is around 25% less likely to have an AED used compared with a male casualty. The most common reason is hesitation. People often feel uncomfortable about: Exposing the chest Touching the chest area Placing AED pads around breast tissue However, the guidelines are very clear: saving a life always comes first. CPR and defibrillation must never be delayed because of modesty, embarrassment, or fear of doing something wrong. Exposing the Chest Is Essential To perform effective CPR and use an AED correctly, the chest must be exposed. This may involve: Moving clothing out of the way Adjusting or lifting a bra Removing a bra entirely if necessary The latest guidance confirms that this is appropriate, lawful, and essential during resuscitation. Never allow clothing or underwear to interfere with AED pad placement. Your priority is restoring a normal heart rhythm, not preserving modesty. Updated AED Pad Placement for Female Casualties AED pad placement has been refined in the latest guidelines to improve the electrical pathway through the ventricles of the heart. Correct positioning is especially important when working around breast tissue. Key Principles for Pad Placement Avoid placing pads directly over breast tissue Ensure full contact between the pad and the skin Follow the latest recommended positions, even if the diagrams on the AED pads show older placements Correct Pad Positions Right-side pad: Place on the upper right chest as usual, adjusting slightly if needed to avoid breast tissue Left-side pad: Place higher and further to the side, under the left armpit along the mid-axillary line This positioning improves shock effectiveness and helps avoid breast tissue completely. Chest Compressions Are the Same for Everyone Chest compressions for a female casualty are performed exactly the same as for any adult. Place your hands in the centre of the chest Compress to a depth of 5–6 cm Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Do not alter your technique because the casualty is female. Effective compressions are critical and must always take priority. Recognising Heart Problems in Women It is also important to understand that women may present differently when experiencing heart problems. Many women do not have the classic crushing chest pain associated with heart attacks. In fact, around 25% experience more subtle symptoms, such as: Jaw pain Nausea or vomiting Shortness of breath Unusual fatigue or discomfort These symptoms can lead to delays in calling for help, increasing the risk of cardiac arrest. The Key Message When a woman suffers a cardiac arrest, immediate CPR and early defibrillation are critical. Do not delay because of: Concerns about exposing the chest Uncertainty about AED pad placement Fear of embarrassment or doing something wrong Act quickly. Act confidently. Your decisive action could save a life and significantly improve the chance of recovery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12900/CPR_and_the_female_casualty.jpg Yes 210 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/initial-assessment-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/102.mp4 Initial Assessment and Recovery Position Managing an Unconscious Casualty: A First Aider’s Guide When you are called to help someone who is unconscious, your actions need to be calm, structured, and deliberate. As a first aider, your priorities are to call for help, keep yourself safe, assess the casualty, and protect their airway. Stop, Think, and Act Before approaching, pause and assess the scene. Look for hazards that could put you or the casualty at risk Remove dangers if it is safe to do so Be alert for traffic, electricity, violence, or environmental risks If possible, make sure someone is with you so they can call the emergency services if required. Initial Contact and Response Check Approach the casualty and introduce yourself: “Hello, my name’s Keith. I’m a first aider.” Gently tap the casualty on the collarbone and ask permission to help. If they are conscious, talk to them, find out what has happened, and encourage them to remain still while you assess the situation. If they are unconscious, you must immediately check whether they are breathing. Checking for Breathing To check breathing, you must first open the airway. Place one hand on the forehead and the other under the chin Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to move the tongue away from the back of the throat Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed With the airway open, look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds: Look for the chest rising and falling Listen for breathing sounds Feel for air on your cheek If the casualty is not breathing normally, you must start CPR immediately. If the Casualty Is Breathing Normally If the casualty is breathing, CPR is not required. However, you must still send someone to call an ambulance. Make sure they return and tell you when help is on the way. Your next priority is to maintain an open airway and prevent choking. Placing the Casualty in the Recovery Position The recovery position helps keep the airway open and allows fluids, such as vomit, to drain safely from the mouth. If gloves are available, put them on and carry out a quick head-to-toe check before moving the casualty: Check the head, shoulders, arms, and chest for deformity, bleeding, or fluid Check the hips and legs are in a normal position If no injuries are found, place the casualty into the recovery position: How to Put Someone into the Recovery Position Kneel beside the casualty Straighten both legs and bring the feet together Place the arm nearest to you out at a right angle to the body Take the far arm and bring it across the chest, holding the hand against the cheek nearest to you With your other hand, bend the far knee so the foot is flat on the floor Using the knee as a lever, gently roll the casualty towards you onto their side Once they are on their side: Check the airway is open Tilt the head slightly back if needed to maintain breathing Adjust the legs to help support the position Ongoing Care From this point, your role is to: Keep the casualty comfortable and warm Speak to them reassuringly, even if they remain unconscious Monitor breathing continuously If you are completely alone and have no phone, you may need to leave the casualty briefly to call emergency services. If you do: Check they are breathing before you leave Check again immediately when you return Important Guidance on Injuries and the Recovery Position Current guidance from the UK Resuscitation Council and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) states: The recovery position is ideal for an unconscious casualty who is not injured If the casualty is injured, it is usually best to leave them on their back to avoid worsening injuries If the airway is compromised, or there is fluid in the mouth, the casualty may need to be placed in the recovery position despite injury If you must leave an injured casualty to get help, place them in the recovery position to protect their airway Key Points to Remember Stop, think, and ensure the scene is safe Check response and breathing early Start CPR if they are not breathing normally Use the recovery position to protect the airway when breathing is present Monitor continuously until emergency help arrives Calm, structured actions save lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/157/Initial_Assessment___Recovery_Position.jpg Yes 231 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/adult-cpr-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/103.mp4 Adult CPR Introduction What Is CPR and How Does It Work? CPR, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is a life-saving technique used when someone is not breathing normally. Its purpose is simple but vital: to keep oxygen-rich blood circulating around the body until professional help arrives. How CPR Keeps the Body Alive During CPR, you push down firmly on the chest. This action squeezes the heart, forcing blood out of it and around the body. Although CPR does not restart the heart, it helps maintain circulation to the brain and other vital organs. The heart itself is divided into two sides: The right side pumps blood to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen. The oxygen-rich blood then returns to the left side, which pumps it around the body through the arteries. This continuous cycle supplies oxygen to the organs and tissues throughout your life. The heart automatically adjusts its speed, beating faster during exercise and slowing when you rest. What Happens in Cardiac Arrest The heart beats because it produces small electrical impulses from its natural pacemakers. These signals cause the heart muscle to contract in a coordinated way. However, problems can occur. For example: A blockage can reduce the supply of oxygen-rich blood. The heart can enter cardiac arrest, where it stops beating effectively. In around 85–90% of cardiac arrests, the heart goes into a rhythm called ventricular fibrillation (VF). In VF, the heart muscle twitches or quivers instead of pumping, meaning no blood is circulated. Why CPR and Defibrillation Are Essential When the heart is in VF, CPR is used to manually pump blood by pressing on the breastbone and compressing the heart. This keeps oxygen moving around the body but does not restart the heart. The only way to restart the heart is with a defibrillator. A defibrillator delivers a controlled electrical shock designed to stop the abnormal rhythm and allow the heart to resume a normal beat. Paramedics may also give medications to support recovery. When to Start CPR CPR may sound technical, but the decision to start is very simple. You do not need to know what the heart is doing. If a person is: Unresponsive, and Not breathing normally Then CPR must be started immediately. Why Your Actions Matter Survival rates following cardiac arrest are strongly influenced by what you do: No CPR: Survival rate is around 4.3% Chest compressions only: Survival increases to around 7.7% Full CPR (compressions and breaths): Survival rises to approximately 13.6% These figures show a clear message: taking action saves lives. Key Message You do not need medical knowledge to save a life. If someone is not breathing, start CPR immediately. Chest compressions keep blood flowing, and early defibrillation gives the heart the chance to restart. Doing something is always better than doing nothing. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/159/Introduction_to_CPR.jpg Yes 156 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/barriers-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/96.mp4 Using gloves Importance of Gloves in Emergency First Aid Fear of Infection in First Aid For some individuals, the fear of infection can discourage them from providing emergency first aid. However, safeguarding yourself from potential infection is crucial when assisting a patient. Gloves play a pivotal role in facilitating your response and ensuring protection. Types of Gloves Various glove options are available for first aid, with nitrile and vinyl being commonly used: Nitrile Gloves: Widely used in first aid, available in different colours, and suitable for various purposes. Vinyl Gloves: Commonly used in food preparation but less durable; handle with care to prevent tearing. Latex Gloves: Now less common due to allergy risks, particularly latex allergies. Gloves can be powdered or powder-free, with powder facilitating easier wear but posing potential allergy issues. Putting On and Changing Gloves Proper glove usage is essential: Ensure there are no rings that could damage the gloves. Inspect gloves for any holes or tears before wearing them. Follow the correct method for putting on gloves, as demonstrated in the video. If dealing with multiple patients, change gloves to prevent cross-contamination. Safe Glove Removal Removing gloves correctly is vital to prevent contact with blood or bodily fluids: Dispose of used gloves, along with other soiled items, in a biohazard bag or bin. Never dispose of gloves in general waste, as they may pose a risk to others. Workplaces may have specific rules for glove and infected material disposal; always adhere to local guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/145/Using_Gloves-01.jpg Yes 153 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/infant-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/169.mp4 Infant CPR Infant CPR: How to Resuscitate a Baby Under One Year Old In this section, we will look at how to perform CPR on an infant. An infant is defined as a child under one year old. Cardiac arrest in infants is very rare. However, when it does occur, it is almost always caused by a breathing problem, not a primary heart condition. Acting quickly and using the correct technique gives the infant the best possible chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before doing anything else, check that the area is safe. Look for hazards that could put you or the infant at risk. If it is safe, approach the infant calmly. Step 2: Check for Responsiveness Speak gently to the infant: “Hello, can you hear me?” You are looking for any sign of response. To check responsiveness: Tap or gently flick the sole of the foot Look for movement, sound, or any reaction If there is no response, shout for help immediately. Step 3: Call for Help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, leave their phone with you on speakerphone, and bring an AED if one is available. If you are alone, call 999 yourself on speakerphone and continue your assessment. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. Step 4: Check for Normal Breathing Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the bony part of the chin Gently tilt the head to a neutral position — do not overextend the neck Briefly look inside the mouth for any visible obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed Keep the airway open and look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are checking for chest movement, breathing sounds, and air on your cheek. If the infant is not breathing normally or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Step 5: Give Five Initial Rescue Breaths Because infant cardiac arrest is usually caused by breathing problems, rescue breaths are critical. Maintain a gentle head tilt and chin lift Place your mouth over the infant’s mouth and nose, forming a complete seal Blow gently for about one second, just enough to make the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before the next breath Give five rescue breaths in total. If the chest does not rise, recheck the airway position and seal before trying again. Step 6: Start Chest Compressions After the five rescue breaths, begin chest compressions: Place your two thumbs on the centre of the chest, just below the nipple line Wrap your hands around the infant’s chest, supporting the back with your fingers Compress the chest by one-third of its depth Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. If another rescuer is available, swap every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain high-quality CPR. Step 7: Using an AED on an Infant As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades Continue CPR while the AED is being applied, if possible If only adult pads are available, use them The AED will tell you when to stand clear and when to resume CPR. Resume chest compressions immediately after any shock and continue until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The infant starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or crying Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue If the Infant Starts Breathing If the infant begins breathing normally: Place them in the infant recovery position on their side with the head slightly lower Or hold them in your arms in the same position Continue to monitor breathing closely until help arrives Key Points to Remember Always check for danger before approaching Call 999 early Give five gentle rescue breaths first Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow the prompts Keep checking for normal breathing and signs of life Early recognition, early CPR, and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and calmly can make all the difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/291/Infant_CPR.jpg Yes 287 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/aed-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/107.mp4 AED Introduction Understanding Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) 1. What is an AED? An AED, or automatic external defibrillator, explained. There is a common misconception that AEDs restart the heart, but their role is to interrupt abnormal heart activity. 2. AEDs and Heart Function Understanding how AEDs work to restore a normal heart rhythm. Electric activity in the heart can lead to abnormal twitching rather than a meaningful pulse. An AED delivers a shock to interrupt this electric activity, allowing the heart's natural pacemakers to restart it in a normal rhythm. AEDs advise a shock only when detecting specific shockable rhythms, such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). 3. Types of AED Units Exploring different AED models and their operation. Semi-automatic AEDs require manual activation of the shock button when advised. Automatic AEDs initiate shocks automatically when necessary. 4. Future AED Videos Stay tuned for upcoming videos that delve into AEDs in greater detail and provide guidance on their usage. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/167/AED_Introduction-01.jpg Yes 106 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/child-choking-conscious-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/170.mp4 Choking in children Dealing with Choking: Adult and Child Types of Obstruction Mild Airway Obstruction: Involves discomfort, potential pain, and distress due to a partial blockage (e.g., fishbone or small object). Severe Airway Obstruction: Represents a complete blockage, preventing breathing, talking, or coughing and may lead to unconsciousness if not addressed. Dealing with Choking on an Adult Assess Breathing: Ask the person if they are choking; if they can talk, they can breathe. Encourage Coughing: Support and keep the person calm, encouraging them to cough to clear the obstruction. Observe the Mouth: If the obstruction is visible, attempt to remove it without inserting fingers deeply into the mouth. Dealing with Choking on a Child Size Considerations: Kneel behind the child due to their smaller size; anticipate distress and the need for forcefulness. Back Blows: Stand behind and to the side of the child, delivering five sharp back blows between the shoulder blades using the heel of your hand. Abdominal Thrusts: Perform abdominal thrusts by making a fist and placing it between the child's belly button and the bottom of their breastbone; perform five sharp inward and upward pulls with the other hand on top of the fist. Repeat If Necessary: If the obstruction persists, repeat five back blows and five abdominal thrusts, checking each time. Emergency Actions If Obstruction Persists: Continue attempts to clear the obstruction; call emergency services if not done already. Loss of Consciousness: If the child loses consciousness, gently guide them to the floor, avoiding injury; initiate CPR if not breathing. After Successful Removal Assess and Calm: Sit the child down and keep them calm; seek medical attention to check for any injuries resulting from the thrusts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/293/Choking_in_children-01.jpg Yes 197 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/differences-in-child-size-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/167.mp4 Differences in Child Size https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/287/Differences_in_Child_Size-01.jpg Yes 110 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/adult-choking-conscious-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/110.mp4 Adult Choking Dealing with Choking: Recognizing and Responding 1. Understanding Choking Choking can be categorized as mild or severe, depending on the extent of airway obstruction. 1.1 Mild Choking In cases of mild choking, there's partial blockage in the throat, and the person can still cough, breathe heavily, and may even talk. Common examples include throat blockage due to a fishbone. Initial steps involve calming the person and allowing them to cough, but if the obstruction persists, seek medical help as you can't remove the object yourself. 1.2 Severe Choking Severe choking results from a complete throat blockage, often caused by large food items. The person won't be able to cough and will rapidly deteriorate, necessitating immediate intervention. 2. Recognizing Severe Choking To identify severe choking: Ask, "Are you choking?" and observe for signs. Signs include hands clutching the throat and difficulty breathing. If the person can't respond verbally, look for non-verbal cues of distress. 3. Performing Life-Saving Procedures For severe choking, take these critical actions: 3.1 Back Blows Deliver five back blows between the shoulder blades while ensuring the person leans forward slightly. Watch for the expelled object after each blow. 3.2 Abdominal Thrusts Perform five abdominal thrusts by placing your thumb side just above the belly button and giving inward and upward thrusts. Alternate with back blows until the obstruction clears or the person loses consciousness. 4. Emergency CPR If the person loses consciousness, gently lower them to the ground and initiate CPR chest compressions. The trapped air in the lungs may help expel the obstruction as you compress the chest. 5. Special Consideration for Pregnant Individuals If dealing with choking in a pregnant person, use chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts, placing your fists on the middle of the breastbone and performing inward thrusts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/173/Adult_Choking-01.jpg Yes 310 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/infant-choking-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/172.mp4 Infant Choking How to Respond When an Infant is Choking Choking is a critical emergency, especially in infants, requiring swift and effective intervention to prevent severe outcomes. Understanding Choking in Infants Infants are more prone to choking on food or small objects. Quick action is essential in these situations to ensure their safety. Mild vs. Severe Choking Mild Obstruction: Some air passage remains, and the infant can cough. Severe Obstruction: Airway is completely blocked, preventing breathing, crying, or coughing. Immediate Actions for Severe Choking Follow these steps carefully to assist a choking infant: Step 1: Back Blows Lay the infant face down along your thigh while sitting. Support their head with one hand. With the heel of your other hand, give up to five firm back-blows between the shoulder blades. Check between blows for any dislodged obstruction. Step 2: Checking the Mouth Turn the infant over and lay them on your leg face-up to inspect their mouth: Remove visible obstructions carefully. Avoid blind finger sweeps. Step 3: Chest Thrusts While the infant is still lying face-up on your leg, locate the breastbone. Perform up to five chest thrusts using two thumbs with your hands around the chest, pressing inwards and downwards. Repeat back blows and chest thrusts if the obstruction remains. If the Infant Becomes Unconscious Immediately check for breathing and prepare to start CPR if there is no breath. Call Emergency Services or have someone call them if not done already. Conclusion Being prepared to act in a choking emergency can save an infant's life. Practice and familiarity with these procedures can make a critical difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/297/infant_choking.jpg Yes 231 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/adult-cpr-hand-over-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/105.mp4 CPR Hand Over Optimizing CPR Efforts: Sharing the Work and Guidelines 1. The Importance of Sharing CPR Efforts Providing CPR can be physically demanding and exhausting. To maintain effectiveness, consider sharing the work with another rescuer. Collaboration with another rescuer helps alleviate fatigue. CPR training is not essential for the second rescuer; instructions can be provided. 2. Coordinated CPR Assistance Efficiently coordinate CPR efforts with a second rescuer: The primary rescuer guides and demonstrates the required actions while performing chest compressions. During the breaths phase, the second rescuer prepares to immediately resume compressions once the breaths are completed. 3. Rotation Every Two Minutes Maintain CPR effectiveness through regular rotation: Consider swapping roles every two minutes to combat rescuer fatigue. If you have no additional assistance and become tired, focus on chest compressions, taking a break from breaths. 4. Staying Updated with CPR Guidelines Stay informed with the latest CPR guidelines: Adhere to the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Stay prepared for future updates and revisions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/163/CPR_Hand_Over-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/child-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/168.mp4 Child CPR Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Guidance (Ages 1–12) Cardiac arrest in children is uncommon. When it does occur, it is usually caused by another medical emergency, most often a breathing problem, trauma, or an underlying illness, rather than a primary heart condition. Your first priority is to assess the situation quickly and understand what may have happened. Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the child, always check that it is safe to do so. Look for any dangers that could harm you or the child. If a parent, teacher, or guardian is nearby, ask for permission before intervening: “Can I help your child?” Check for Responsiveness If the child appears unresponsive, speak to them directly. Even if they cannot reply, they may still be able to hear you. Speak calmly and clearly: “Hello, my name’s Keith, I’m a first aider. Can you hear me?” If you know the child’s name, use it, as this can sometimes prompt a response. If there is no response: Gently tap the child’s shoulder or collarbone Ask again, “Are you OK? Can you hear me?” Call for Help If the child remains unresponsive, shout for help immediately. If someone is with you, ask them to call 999 on speakerphone, leave the phone with you, and bring an AED if one is available. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone yourself and continue your assessment. Check for Normal Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift technique Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it if visible Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers on the bony part of the chin, gently tilting the head back Open the mouth slightly and check again for any visible obstruction Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are looking for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for air movement on your cheek. If the child is not breathing normally or is only gasping (agonal breathing), treat this as cardiac arrest. When to Start CPR If you are alone, start CPR immediately and continue for one minute before going to get help. If someone else is present, they should call 999 straight away while you start CPR. In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by a lack of oxygen, so early CPR can help restore breathing and circulation. Five Initial Rescue Breaths Begin CPR with five rescue breaths: Open the airway Pinch the nose closed Seal your mouth over the child’s mouth Breathe steadily for up to one second, just enough to see the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the next breath Repeat until five effective breaths have been delivered. Chest Compressions Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, on the lower half of the sternum, between the nipples Keep your arms straight and shoulders directly above your hand Compress the chest to one-third of its depth (approximately 4–5 cm in a small child) Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions If the child is larger or you cannot achieve enough depth, use two hands, one on top of the other. After the initial five breaths, continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths, keeping interruptions to a minimum. If two rescuers are present, swap roles every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective compressions. Using an AED on a Child As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the chest and one on the back between the shoulder blades For children under 25 kg (around 8 years old), position the front pad slightly to the left side of the chest If only adult pads are available, use them, ensuring they do not touch The AED will analyse the heart rhythm and advise whether a shock is needed. When instructed, ensure everyone is standing clear Make sure no one is touching the child Deliver the shock if advised Immediately resume CPR after the shock, continuing with 15 compressions and 2 breaths until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The child starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or eye opening Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue Key Points to Remember Always check for safety first Call 999 early — if alone, after one minute of CPR Give five initial rescue breaths before compressions Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as it is available Swap rescuers every two minutes where possible to maintain CPR quality Early CPR and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and confidently gives a child the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/289/Child_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 296 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/compressions-only-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/106.mp4 Compressions Only CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Compression-Only CPR In this film, we will show you what to do if an adult suddenly collapses and is not breathing normally, following the latest Resuscitation Council UK guidelines using compression-only CPR. Even if you have never received CPR training, your actions can still save a life. The most important things are to act quickly, call 999, start chest compressions, and keep going until help arrives. Step 1: Check for Danger Before helping, make sure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Broken glass or sharp objects If it is safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake the casualty’s shoulders and shout: “Are you OK?” If there is no response: Shout for help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker, and fetch an AED if one is available If you are on your own, call 999 on your mobile and put it on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway Look for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds Check whether the chest rises and falls normally If the person is not breathing normally, or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Tell the 999 operator that the person is not breathing normally. An ambulance will be dispatched immediately. Step 4: Start Chest Compressions Begin chest compressions straight away. The call handler may say: “Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest, put your other hand on top, and push hard and fast.” How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top and keep your arms straight Push down hard and fast, to a depth of 5–6 cm Allow the chest to fully rise after each compression Continue at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) You can keep time to the beat of a familiar song such as “Stayin’ Alive” or “Baby Shark”, which both match the correct rhythm. Keep Going Until Help Arrives Do not stop CPR unless: The person starts breathing normally or begins to move Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted Using an AED If an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately Follow the spoken instructions The AED will tell you when to stop compressions and when to restart If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If normal breathing returns: Stop chest compressions Carefully roll the person onto their side into the recovery position Keep the airway open with the head slightly tilted back Stay with them and monitor their breathing until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone If the person is not breathing normally, start chest compressions straight away Compress the centre of the chest 5–6 cm deep Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its instructions Even if you are untrained, doing something is always better than doing nothing Act fast, keep pushing, and do not stop. Your actions could save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/165/ADULT_Compression_Only_CPR.jpg Yes 201 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/infant-recovery-position https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/284.mp4 Infant Recovery Position Recovery Position for Infants Differences in the Recovery Position Using the recovery position for adults and children differs significantly from what you should do when dealing with an infant (under 1 year old). It's crucial to adapt your approach for their specific needs. Steps for Infant Recovery Follow these steps when dealing with an unconscious infant: Cradle the Infant: After confirming no injuries and checking for breathing, cradle the infant in your arms. Hold them facing you with their head tilted downward. Proper Support: Support their body using your arm and one hand while your other hand cradles their head securely. Choking and Vomit Prevention: This position prevents choking on the tongue or inhaling vomit. It also allows for easy monitoring. Continual Monitoring: Regularly check for breathing and assess their circulation by observing the color of their lips. Keep a close watch for signs of regaining consciousness. Comfort and Warmth: Holding them this way provides comfort and warmth to the infant during this critical time. Calling for Help If necessary, you can call emergency services or ask someone for assistance. However, ensure that you remain cautious while moving around. Your primary focus must always be on the infant's well-being, but it's equally important to avoid accidents like slipping, tripping, or falling. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/515/Infant_Recovery_Position-01.jpg Yes 74 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/heart-attack-body-position https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/109.mp4 Heart Attack Position Recognizing and Responding to Heart Attacks 1. Identifying a Potential Heart Attack Know the signs and act promptly: If you suspect someone is experiencing a heart attack, call the emergency services immediately. In the UK, heart attacks are alarmingly common, with someone being admitted to the hospital approximately every five minutes, according to the British Heart Foundation. Never ignore chest pain; treat it seriously and take prompt action. 2. Recognizing Heart Attack Symptoms Familiarize yourself with common symptoms: Heart attack symptoms may include: Persistent chest pain lasting more than a few minutes Pain radiating to the arms, back, neck, and stomach Unexplained shortness of breath 3. Providing Initial Aid Take immediate action when someone shows signs of a heart attack: Seat them down and ensure their back is supported against a stable surface, such as a fence, wall, tree, or goalpost. Bring their knees up towards their chest and lean them forward slightly. This position, known as the heart attack position or 'W' position, helps reduce pressure on the heart by opening up the thoracic cavity. Do not lay the person down and raise their legs, as this can strain the heart further. If you have an aspirin in an Aspod, consider offering it, but do not insist if they decline. While in the 'W' position, maintain communication and urgently contact emergency services. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/171/Heart_Attack_pOSITION-01.jpg Yes 84 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/heart-attacks-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/108.mp4 Heart Attack Understanding Heart Attacks and Sudden Cardiac Arrest 1. Differentiating Between Heart Attack and Sudden Cardiac Arrest It's essential to grasp the distinction between these two cardiac events: Heart Attack: A heart attack results from a heart in distress due to blocked blood flow, causing major damage. Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA): SCA occurs when the heart abruptly stops beating altogether. 1.1 The Severity of Heart Attacks Heart attacks are incredibly serious due to the risk of sudden cardiac arrest: Approximately 200,000 deaths annually are attributed to heart and circulatory diseases. Of these, around 90,000 fatalities result from sudden cardiac arrest. Each year in the UK, there are approximately 125,000 heart attack cases. 1.2 Heart Health and Blockages Understanding how heart issues develop over time: Plaque buildup in the heart can lead to blood vessel narrowing and blockages. These blockages, along with muscular spasms, can occur without noticeable symptoms until a heart attack strikes. 2. Recognizing Heart Attack Symptoms Identifying the signs of a heart attack is crucial: Common symptoms include: Chest discomfort and pressure Pain below the breastbone Pain radiating to the left arm, back, jaw, throat, or arms Indigestion-like sensations Sweating, nausea, vomiting Dizziness, extreme weakness Anxiety, shortness of breath Rapid or irregular pulse Feelings of fear and impending doom A heart attack may not always lead to cardiac arrest, but it should never be underestimated. Immediate action is imperative. 2.1 Responding to a Heart Attack What to do when you suspect a heart attack: Call emergency services without delay. Have the person sit on the floor, leaning against a stable surface. Elevate their legs with feet flat and leaning slightly forward to reduce cardiac stress. Stay with the individual, keeping them calm. Consider offering a 300mg aspirin tablet to chew (not swallow) as it can help thin the blood. When the emergency services arrive, provide them with detailed information about the situation and any assistance you've given. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/169/Heart_Attack-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/drowning https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/708.mp4 Drowning Responding to Suspected Drowning Incidents 1. Prioritize Safety First When encountering a suspected drowning victim who is unresponsive and not breathing, prioritize safety for yourself and others. 2. Assess the Situation Begin this scenario with the victim on their back, considering potential water-related hazards such as cold water, underwater obstructions, soft beds, or strong currents. 3. Drowning vs. Office Situation Recognize the distinction between a drowning victim and someone not breathing in an office setting. Drowning is more likely due to a respiratory problem. 4. Providing Treatment If someone is present, send them to call the EMS; otherwise, continue with care. Open the airway and check for breathing for 10 seconds. If no breathing is detected, administer five rescue breaths initially. Follow with 30 compressions and two breaths, repeating for one minute. If alone, leave to call for help, following the "call fast approach." Continue CPR with 30 compressions and two breaths until EMS arrives or instructs otherwise. 5. Importance of Initial Rescue Breaths Delivering five initial rescue breaths aims to restart breathing and assess signs of life before proceeding with CPR. 6. Consistency with Child Drowning Protocol It's noteworthy that the sequence for responding to drowning is the same for children aged 1 to 18. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1213/Drowning.jpg Yes 122 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/oxygen-for-first-aid https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/707.mp4 Oxygen for First Aid Oxygen Administration in Emergency Care Benefits of Oxygen in Emergencies Oxygen therapy is crucial in various medical scenarios such as shock or heart attacks. Enhancing oxygen concentration in the body significantly boosts the odds of survival, especially during CPR. Oxygen Safety and the Fire Triangle Caution: Oxygen is a key component of the Fire Triangle, implying a risk of fire. Mitigate this by maintaining equipment properly and ensuring secure storage. Transporting Oxygen Safely When transporting oxygen in a vehicle, display a sign indicating its presence. This ensures emergency services are aware in case of an accident. Storing Oxygen Tanks Store oxygen tanks upright to prevent damage. Use the carry handle for safe handling. Operating the Oxygen Tank Regulator and Gauge: The regulator manages oxygen flow, and the gauge indicates remaining oxygen. Valve Operation: Open the valve gently to start the flow, avoiding forceful handling. Utilising Non-rebreather Masks Non-rebreather masks, suitable for conscious or unconscious breathing patients, provide nearly 100% oxygen. Communicate clearly with the patient to ease discomfort and ensure effective usage. Contraindications and Cautions In certain conditions like COPD, administering pure oxygen can be detrimental. Always assess the patient's medical history before oxygen therapy. Post-Use Procedures After emergency services take over, responsibly pack away the equipment. Safely dispose of the mask, turn off and store the tank, or arrange for its refill. Conclusion Oxygen therapy is a potent tool in emergency care. Its proper usage, combined with safety and maintenance protocols, can save lives while minimizing risks. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1211/Oxygen_for_First_Aid-01.jpg Yes 426 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/hand-washing https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/709.mp4 Hand Washing Proper Hand Washing Technique in Healthcare Importance of Effective Hand Washing Hand washing is a crucial practice in healthcare to maintain hygiene. While alcohol gels have their uses, they are limited in effectiveness. Proper hand washing with soap and water, followed by thorough drying, is essential for optimal cleanliness. Hand Washing Method Follow the recommended NHS technique for comprehensive hand washing. This method involves specific hand positions, with each action repeated five times: Hand Wetting: Start by thoroughly wetting both hands, ensuring water covers all areas to be washed. Soap Application: Apply a generous amount of soap to your wet hands. Rub your hands together to distribute the soap evenly. Position 1 - Circles: In this hand position, perform circular motions, repeating five times. Position 2 - Interlace and In-Between: Turn one hand over and interlace your fingers, focusing on the areas between the fingers. Repeat five times, then reverse hands. Position 3 - Palms and Fingers: Instead of the backs of your hands, focus on the front. Wash the palms and spaces between the fingers five times. Position 4 - Thumbs: Pay special attention to the thumbs, using a circular motion for thorough cleaning. Position 5 - Wrist: Finally, wash the wrists while gripping the height of the fingers with both hands. Repeat five times. Final Steps After thoroughly washing your hands: Drying: Use paper towels to dry your hands completely, ensuring no moisture remains. Tap Closure: Turn off the tap using your elbow to avoid recontaminating your hands. Dispose of Towel: Dispose of the paper towel in a designated bin. By following this hand washing technique, you can ensure your hands are clean and minimise the risk of infection transmission in healthcare settings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1215/Hand_Washing-01.jpg Yes 230 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/adult-bvm-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/166.mp4 Bag Valve Masks Using the Bag Valve Mask (BVM) for Non-Breathing Patients Introduction When rescue breaths are not feasible, the Bag Valve Mask (BVM) becomes a vital tool for delivering ventilations to a non-breathing patient. Components of the BVM Let's examine the key components of the Bag Valve Mask: Oxygen Supply: Connects to the BVM, enriching the system with oxygen. Reservoir Bag: Oxygen reservoir ensuring optimal oxygen delivery to the patient. Compressible Bag: Provides controlled oxygen flow during ventilation. Valve Mechanism: Regulates the flow of oxygen during both inhalation and exhalation. Using the BVM Proper usage of the BVM is critical for effective ventilation: Positioning: Place the mask on the patient's face, ensuring a secure seal over the nose and chin, extending to the base of the chin. Airway Management: Open the airway fully using a head tilt chin lift technique to maximize airflow. Sealing: Gently push down on the mask to maintain a seal while avoiding excessive pressure. Two-Man Technique: For optimal control, it's recommended to use a two-person approach. One person secures the mask and airway while the other operates the bag for ventilation. Single-Hand Bag Compression: When squeezing the bag, always use one hand. Using two hands may cause lung trauma and complicate future ventilation efforts. By following these guidelines, you can effectively utilize the Bag Valve Mask to provide essential ventilations to non-breathing patients. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/285/1.jpeg Yes 208 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/2010-changes-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/198.mp4 Course introduction Welcome to ProTrainings Basic Life Support Training Aligned with the Skills for Health UK's Core Skills Training Framework (UK-CSTF) for Resuscitation Skills. Interactive and Flexible Learning Experience Watch a series of instructional videos. Engage in knowledge review questions. Complete a final test to assess your learning. Convenient and User-Friendly Platform Access the course on any device, from computers to smartphones and tablets. Enhanced Video Learning Utilize the 'pin video' feature for multitasking and view subtitles for better comprehension. Comprehensive Course Content Detailed text available on each page to supplement video learning. Assessment and Certification Pass the test to receive your completion certificate, CPD statement, and evidence-based learning statement. Certificate Validation Verify your achievement with the QR code on your certificate. Additional Resources and Ongoing Updates Access a wealth of resources and regularly updated course material. Duration of Access Maintain course access for 8 months, even after completion. Corporate Training Solutions Explore our company dashboards for staff training. Contact us for more information. Weekly Skill Refreshers Subscribe to our Monday email updates for new videos and blog news. Opt-in or Opt-out at Any Time Customize your email preferences to suit your learning needs. Thank You for Choosing ProTrainings We wish you success in your Basic Life Support Training journey. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/347/course_introduction-01.jpg Yes 138 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/calling-the-ems https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/868.mp4 Calling the Emergency Services Activating Emergency Medical Services: A Vital Process Immediate First Aid Providing initial first aid is essential, but remember to promptly involve the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for professional assistance. Unified Emergency Number Regardless of the specific emergency service required, the contact number remains consistent. A delay in activating the EMS can have severe consequences: Call 999 or 112: These numbers are universally effective; choose either when in need. Both can be dialled from mobiles and landline phones. Effective Communication When making the call, consider using a hands-free or speakerphone mode to allow multitasking while communicating with the emergency services. They will guide you accordingly: Priority Categorization: The EMS will assess the situation and classify the call by priority. Examples include Category A for life-threatening scenarios and Category B for less critical cases. Service Selection: Specify the required service, which could be an ambulance, fire, police, Coast Guard, or other relevant services. The EMS may dispatch additional units as necessary. Clear Information: Provide a concise description of the situation initially. Answer any further questions as needed. Detailed location information is vital. Location Precision Ensuring accurate location details is critical. Use technology like 'what3words' or location apps for precise coordinates. The EMS can sometimes track your location via phone signals: Scene Safety: Make the environment safe and accessible for the emergency services. Unlock doors, illuminate the area, and secure pets if applicable. Workplace Awareness: Inform colleagues and reception about the EMS's impending arrival to prevent confusion. Assistance Guide: If others are present, delegate someone to meet and guide the EMS to your location, enhancing efficiency. Alternative Contact Methods Consider scenarios where traditional phone calls may not be possible, such as remote locations: Use of Radios: Learn how to operate two-way radios or satellite phones when needed for emergencies. Text Communication: If hearing-impaired, set up emergency service notification via text messages (details available in the download area). Keeping the Line Open If circumstances change or you require updates, don't hesitate to call EMS again. They can stay on the line to assist until their arrival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1509/Calling_the_Emergency_Services-01.jpg Yes 265 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/optional-basic-life-support-practical https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1291.mp4 Optional basic life support practical by Zoom Enhance Your Learning Experience with a Practical Component Step-by-Step Guide to Upgrading Your Course Enhance your online learning with a practical assessment for a comprehensive qualification. Completing the Online Course Start by finishing the online course module to lay a solid theoretical foundation. Purchasing the Practical Kit Visit our online store, accessible at the bottom of any page on our websites. Purchase the inflatable manikin and skill evaluation session. Scheduling Your Assessment Upon receiving your manikin, contact us to arrange a virtual assessment via Zoom. Options Post-Assessment Retain the manikin for future training sessions. Opt for a partial refund by returning the manikin. Face-to-Face Training Opportunities For a more hands-on experience, inquire about our in-person practical training sessions. Contact Us For more details or to discuss your training needs, please feel free to reach out to us. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2299/Optional_basic_life_support_practical_by_Zoom-01.jpg Yes 47 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/face-shields-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/100.mp4 How to use face shields Face Shields and Pocket Masks: Protection During First Aid Face shields offer a simple, effective, and affordable means of protection against coming into contact with vomit, blood, or other substances when providing rescue breaths. If you don't have a face shield or cannot give rescue breaths, you can perform chest compressions only. Types of Face Shields While packaging and design may vary, there are two main types of face shields: Filter paper: These face shields have filter paper to blow through. One-way valve: These face shields feature a one-way valve for exhalation. Both types allow you to squeeze the nose and provide a barrier against substances. Face shields are available with a pouch and keyring, so they're always at hand. All BSI first-aid kits include some form of face shield. Pocket Masks Pocket masks are another type of face shield. They seal around the face and feature a one-way valve for ventilation. Air enters the patient's mouth and nose during rescue breaths. Typically, pocket masks come in a plastic case. To remove the mask, push it until it pops up. An elastic band can be placed around the patient's head to secure the mask, and an air-filled sack around the mask ensures a proper seal. Pocket masks can also be used with oxygen if available. Disposing of Face Shields Face shields are single-use only and should be disposed of safely after use. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/153/How_to_use_face_sheilds-01.jpg Yes 92 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/introduction-to-choking https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1385.mp4 Choking Recognition Dealing with Choking: Recognize, Assess, and Respond 1. Choking: A Manageable Emergency Choking, while not a common cause of death, often occurs during eating or in social settings. Timely action can be a lifesaver, as victims are initially conscious and responsive. 2. Recognizing Choking Key to a successful response is differentiating choking from other medical emergencies such as fainting, heart attacks, or seizures. Look for signs like sudden respiratory distress, cyanosis, or loss of consciousness. 3. Choking Risk Factors Choking typically happens while eating or drinking and can be more likely in individuals with certain risk factors: Reduced consciousness Drug or alcohol intoxication Neurological impairment affecting swallowing and cough reflex Respiratory disease Mental impairments or dementia Dental problems Older age 4. Identifying Severity of Choking Ask the conscious victim, "Are you choking?" to determine the severity: If they can speak, cough, and breathe, it's a mild obstruction. If they can't speak, have a weakened cough, or struggle to breathe, it's severe. 5. Treatment Approach We'll explore choking treatment in detail in later videos, but here's a brief overview: For mild obstruction, encourage coughing. Back blows, abdominal thrusts, and chest compressions are for severe obstructions. Success rates improve with combinations of techniques. Bystander-initiated chest compressions for unconscious victims can be effective. 6. Aftercare and Seeking Medical Advice Even after successful choking treatment, victims may have residual foreign material in their airways. Look for symptoms like persistent cough or difficulty swallowing and advise victims to seek medical evaluation. Caution: Abdominal thrusts and chest compressions can potentially cause internal injuries, so victims treated with these methods should be examined by medical professionals afterward. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2489/Choking_Recognition-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/when-to-call-for-assistance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1946.mp4 When to call for assistance Calling for Help and Starting CPR: What to Do First As soon as you realise a casualty is unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately and ask for an ambulance. Use your mobile phone on speakerphone so you can begin CPR while speaking to the call handler. If someone is with you, ask them to make the call while you start CPR straight away. Why Calling Emergency Services Early Matters When someone collapses or appears unconscious, help must be requested as quickly as possible. The emergency medical services (EMS) dispatcher can rapidly assess the situation and determine the most appropriate response. Waiting to decide what to do wastes valuable time. The sooner EMS are activated, the greater the chance of survival. CPR alone is not enough if professional help is not on the way. An AED and advanced care are essential. For every minute an AED is delayed, the chance of survival falls by around 10%. Early CPR combined with rapid EMS activation significantly improves outcomes. What to Do If More Than One Rescuer Is Present If there is more than one rescuer available: One rescuer should start CPR immediately The other should call emergency services and look for an AED This teamwork minimises delays and maximises the chance of successful resuscitation. What to Do If You Are Alone If you are alone with the casualty: Call emergency services on speakerphone Do not leave the casualty to look for an AED Start CPR immediately The EMS will bring an AED. By starting CPR early, you increase the likelihood that defibrillation will be successful when it arrives. Leaving the casualty to search for an AED reduces blood flow to the brain and lowers their chance of survival. Minimising Interruptions to CPR Keeping chest compressions going is critical. If the casualty is an infant or small child, it may be possible to carry them with you while summoning help, reducing interruptions to CPR. Once you have called EMS, the dispatcher can: Guide you through full CPR, or Support you with chest-compression-only CPR Using speakerphone allows you to receive clear, step-by-step instructions while continuing life-saving care. Key Points to Remember Call emergency services as soon as the casualty is unresponsive Use speakerphone so you can start CPR immediately Do not delay CPR to look for an AED if you are alone Early CPR and early EMS activation save lives Act fast, keep compressions going, and get help on the way. These actions give the casualty the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3505/When_to_call_for_Assistance.jpg Yes 112 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/improving-compressions https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1950.mp4 Improving compressions Delivering High-Quality CPR: Position, Depth, Rate, and Technique Providing high-quality CPR is one of the most important actions you can take during cardiac arrest. Small improvements in technique can significantly increase the amount of blood delivered to the brain and heart, improving survival. Correct Position for CPR The optimal position for delivering CPR is by the side of the casualty. This allows easier movement between chest compressions and rescue breaths and helps maintain good technique. However, compressions can also be delivered from over the head if space is limited. This may be necessary in confined environments such as: Aircraft aisles Buses or coaches Trains or other restricted spaces Compression Depth: Why It Matters Fear of causing harm, fatigue, or limited upper-body strength often leads rescuers to compress too shallowly. This is one of the most common CPR errors. Current guidance recommends that adult chest compressions should be 5–6 centimetres deep. Estimating compression depth is difficult, and evidence shows that compressions are often too shallow. Importantly, compressions that are slightly too deep are far less harmful than compressions that are too shallow. Priority: Ensure adequate compression depth every time. Compression Rate: Finding the Right Speed Large studies involving more than 13,000 patients have shown that the highest survival rates occur when chest compressions are delivered at a rate of: 100–120 compressions per minute When compression rates exceed 120 per minute, compression depth often decreases. For this reason, it is important not to exceed two compressions per second. Minimising Pauses in Chest Compressions Every pause in chest compressions reduces blood flow to vital organs. Pauses commonly occur during: Defibrillation Rescue breaths AED rhythm analysis All interruptions should be kept under 10 seconds wherever possible. Clear communication between rescuers is essential to minimise these gaps and maintain effective CPR. Chest Recoil: Just as Important as Compression Allowing the chest to fully recoil after each compression is just as important as pushing down. A common mistake is leaning on the chest, which prevents full recoil. Full recoil allows better venous return to the heart, improving circulation and overall CPR effectiveness. Think of compression and recoil as equal: Compression time = recoil time Managing Fatigue During CPR Compression quality can begin to fall after as little as two minutes. If there are enough rescuers available: Swap the person delivering compressions every two minutes Ensure there is no pause while changing rescuers This helps maintain correct depth, rate, and recoil. Practice Improves Performance Regular practice is one of the best ways to improve CPR quality. Use a CPR manikin whenever possible If practising at home, use a toy or stuffed animal to rehearse hand position and technique Confidence comes from practice, and confident CPR saves lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3513/Improving_compressions-01.jpg Yes 181 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/basic-life-support-course-overview https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1966.mp4 Basic Life Support Course Overview Welcome to Our Comprehensive First Aid Training Course Explore the depths of first aid knowledge through our structured online training program. Course Structure and Accessibility Course divided into thematic categories for a focused learning experience. Interactive video modules that you can pause and revisit at any time. Regularly updated content to keep you informed on the latest first aid techniques. Support and Interaction Have questions during the course? Reach out to us via phone, email, or our online chat service. Detailed Course Content Section 1: Fundamentals of First Aid Overcoming fears associated with first aid. Ensuring scene safety. Understanding DRAB and the ABCDs of first aid. Effective use of face shields and adult bag valve masks. Mastering the infant recovery position and adapting to different child sizes. Section 2: Cardiac Arrest and CPR Techniques for adult, infant, and child CPR. Recognising and responding to heart attacks. Proficient use of Automated External Defibrillators (AED). First aid for drowning incidents. Enhancing CPR effectiveness: Compressions and breaths. Seamless CPR handover procedures. Section 3: Choking Management Addressing adult, infant, and child choking scenarios. Preparedness for emergency choking situations. Section 4: Oxygen in First Aid Understanding the role and application of oxygen in first aid scenarios. Embark on Your First Aid Journey Begin your learning experience to become proficient in first aid and potentially save lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3943/Course_overview-01.jpg Yes 81 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/waiting-for-the-ems-to-arrive https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1556.mp4 Waiting for the E.M.S to arrive What to Do While Waiting for EMS Emergency Preparedness Primary Concern: Patient's well-being should be your top priority while waiting for EMS. Bystander Assistance: Consider involving nearby bystanders who may be able to provide help. Effective Communication Phone Information: Provide detailed information over the phone to EMS, helping them anticipate the situation. Accessibility: Identify any obstacles like obstructive cars or movable items and address them safely. Bystander Support Assistance Seekers: Ask bystanders to assist by locating and guiding the ambulance to your location. Home Safety: Ensure pets are secured and illuminate your home during nighttime emergencies for better visibility. Patient's Medical Details Medications and Conditions: Inquire about the patient's medications and medical conditions to relay to EMS. Doctor's Information: Collect the patient's doctor's details and check if they are currently under hospital care. Workplace Awareness Alert Reception: Inform reception and relevant personnel at the workplace about the accident and EMS arrival. Preventing Delays: Avoid delays in EMS arrival by ensuring everyone is aware of the situation. Stay Connected Mobile Availability: Keep your mobile phone with you to ensure EMS can reach you at any time. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2731/Waiting_for_the_E.M.S_to_arrive-01.jpg Yes 231 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/fears-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/97.mp4 Fears of First Aid Addressing Common Fears in First Aid Training People attending first aid training often express initial reluctance due to various fears and concerns. Addressing these fears and demonstrating how they can be easily managed makes the training more enjoyable and understandable. Fear of Infection Some participants worry about coming into contact with blood, vomit, or other bodily fluids. First aid training teaches the effective use of barriers such as gloves and face shields to protect first aiders from infections like HIV or Hepatitis. Fear of Doing Harm The fear of doing something wrong or hurting the patient is common, especially when delivering chest compressions during CPR. It is important to remember that a non-breathing patient with no heartbeat is already in a critical state, and CPR can only help. The most harm would come from not performing chest compressions at all. Your training will help you respond appropriately to various situations. Fear of Litigation Concerns about potential litigation can be addressed through proper training. If you always ask for permission to help, follow the rules and workplace policies, and act within the boundaries of your training, the likelihood of being sued is low. Fear for Personal Safety First aiders should prioritize their own safety to avoid becoming patients themselves. Training emphasises the importance of always stopping, thinking, and then acting before approaching any emergency situation. This includes using scene safety measures to ensure your well-being. By addressing these fears in first aid training, participants can gain confidence and be better prepared to handle emergencies effectively and safely. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/147/Fears_of_First_Aid-01.jpg Yes 182 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/seizures-and-cardiac-arrest https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/3268.mp4 Seizures and Cardiac Arrest Recognizing Cardiac Arrest during Seizures 1. Resuscitation Council Guidelines The Resuscitation Council's guidelines emphasize the importance of identifying cardiac arrest in unresponsive individuals not breathing normally. Bystanders and emergency medical dispatchers should maintain suspicion of cardiac arrest in patients with seizures. Careful assessment of breathing should be conducted in such cases. 2. Treating Unresponsive Individuals When encountering an unresponsive individual not breathing normally, it is crucial to treat the situation as a potential cardiac arrest and initiate CPR. 3. Suspicion during Seizures If you come across someone experiencing a seizure, always consider the possibility of cardiac arrest and verify their breathing status. During a seizure, the patient's breathing may pause briefly, typically resuming within 10 to 15 seconds. In some cases, breathing cessation may extend up to a minute. 4. Continuous Breathing Monitoring Remain vigilant for signs of cardiac arrest during a seizure episode by continuously monitoring the patient's breathing until they recover. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5719/Seizures_and_Cardiac_Arrest-01.jpg Yes 73 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/abcde-approach-to-patient-care https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1276.mp4 ABCDE Approach to Patient Care ABCDE Approach in Patient Care Exploring the ABCDE Approach Let's delve deeper into patient care by expanding the ABCD approach and adding "E" to it, transforming it into the comprehensive ABCDE approach. A - Airway The "A" in ABCDE represents the Airway. Any airway obstruction is a critical emergency, necessitating immediate expert intervention. In many cases, airway obstruction occurs due to the tongue falling to the back of the throat. To assess and maintain the airway, consider the Head Tilt – Chin Lift technique. However, if you suspect a spinal injury, opt for the Jaw Thrust method. Clearing the airway allows the casualty to breathe. B - Breathing Next, the "B" signifies Breathing. In the primary assessment of breathing, it's crucial to promptly identify and address life-threatening conditions such as the absence of breathing. Assess breathing by opening the airway, positioning your ear near their mouth to observe. Look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing. Ensure you can differentiate regular breathing from agonal breathing. If the casualty isn't breathing, initiate CPR immediately. Wheezing, often caused by bronchospasms, is common in conditions like anaphylaxis. Oxygen should be administered to all critically ill patients. C - Circulation The "C" denotes Circulation. Check for adequate blood circulation by assessing capillary refill in an uninjured toe or finger and by feeling for a radial pulse. While you can also check for a Carotid pulse in the neck, it provides less information about blood pressure than the radial pulse. Note that femoral pulses are typically not assessed in a pre-hospital setting. Patients in anaphylactic shock may exhibit significantly low blood pressure. D - Disability The "D" represents Disability, focusing on any abnormalities not covered in the previous assessments. For conscious patients who can communicate, inquire about unusual sensations, pain, or any abnormal feelings. This information can be invaluable, as it may reveal hidden issues not detected in the primary assessment. Internal problems like chest pain or nausea may also be disclosed by the casualty. E - Exposure Finally, "E" stands for Exposure. To conduct a thorough examination, it's essential to expose the patient fully. Some changes, such as skin abnormalities, may be difficult to discern without full exposure. Prioritize maintaining the patient's warmth and dignity during this process. Gather a comprehensive clinical history from the patient, their relatives, friends, and other healthcare staff. If possible, review the patient's medical notes and charts to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the situation. Guidelines for the ABCDE Approach When following the ABCDE approach, always seek assistance and operate within your training and qualifications. Do not attempt any procedure unless you are fully qualified and authorised to do so. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2263/ABCDE_Approach_to_Patient_Care-01.jpg Yes 197 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/advanced-decision-and-dnr-cpr-in-basic-life-support https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2907.mp4 Advanced Decision and DNR CPR in Basic Life Support Respecting Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Orders in Emergency Care This guide provides essential information about understanding and respecting DNR orders during resuscitation scenarios. What are DNR Orders? DNR orders are legal directives made by patients, often those with terminal illnesses, choosing not to undergo resuscitation efforts at the end of life. These decisions are made in consultation with medical professionals and family members. Identification of DNR Orders DNR orders are usually documented on a red form, signed by the patient, their GP, and nursing staff. The patient's cognitive ability to make such a decision is crucial during the process. Protocol for Healthcare Providers Presence of DNR Orders During an Emergency It is mandatory for a DNR order to be physically present and accessible during a cardiac arrest or at the time of death. Family members should be able to present the DNR order to healthcare providers before resuscitation begins. Actions in the Absence of DNR Orders In cases where a DNR order is not readily available or there is uncertainty, healthcare providers have a duty of care to initiate resuscitation. Always verify the existence of a DNR order before ceasing resuscitation efforts. Guidance for Responding to DNR Orders Verification is Key If informed about a DNR order verbally, request to see the document. If in doubt, proceed with resuscitation until further clarification is obtained. Legal Protection for Rescuers Attempting resuscitation in the absence of a DNR order is legally protected. It is better to err on the side of caution and begin resuscitation until qualified medical personnel arrive or until you receive official confirmation to stop. Conclusion DNR orders are vital in respecting the end-of-life wishes of patients. However, in emergency situations, always seek to confirm the presence of a DNR order before altering standard resuscitation procedures. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5207/Advanced_Decision_and_DNR_CPR_in_Basic_Life_Support-01.jpg Yes 177 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/improving-breaths-2015-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1951.mp4 Improving breaths Rescue Breaths and CPR: Guidelines and Alternatives Rescue breaths play a crucial role in CPR. They should be performed correctly and with proper techniques to maximise their effectiveness in saving lives. Proper Rescue Breath Technique CPR providers should: Give rescue breaths with an inflation duration of about 1 second. Provide sufficient volume to make the victim's chest rise. Avoid rapid or forceful breaths. Limit the time between compressions and breaths to no more than 10 seconds. Dealing with Obstructions If a breath doesn't go in: Check for obstructions in the mouth, but avoid blind finger sweeps. Re-open the airway and try again, but only attempt the recommended number of times. Alternative Breathing Methods Rescue breaths can also be delivered through: Mouth-to-nose ventilation: An acceptable alternative if the victim's mouth is injured, cannot be opened, or a seal is difficult to achieve, or if the victim is in water. Mouth-to-tracheostomy ventilation: Applicable for victims with a tracheostomy tube or tracheal stoma who require rescue breathing. Barrier Devices Barrier devices can help reduce bacteria transmission during rescue breathing. However, their effectiveness in clinical practice remains unknown. Resuscitation Council Recommendations The Resuscitation Council recommends that individuals trained in CPR should perform both rescue breaths and compressions whenever possible. This is particularly important for children, asphyxial cardiac arrest victims (e.g., drowning), and cases with delayed EMS response. Compression-only CPR should only be performed if rescuers are unable to give rescue breaths. The latest CPR guidelines are the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3515/Improving_breaths-01.jpg Yes 141 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/aspirin-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/334.mp4 Aspirin and the Aspod Aspirin Use for Heart Attacks: Important Guidelines 1. HSE Clarification Understand the HSE's stance on aspirin administration: The HSE acknowledges inconsistencies in aspirin administration training on FAW courses. Medication administration is typically not part of standard first aid courses (FAW or EFAW). An exception is made for first aid training specific to heart attacks, where students must learn to assist casualties in taking 300 mg of aspirin and advise them to chew it (not swallow). 2. The Role of Aspirin in Heart Attack Prevention Recognize the significance of aspirin in heart attack prevention: Aspirin is a highly cost-effective drug in the prevention of heart attacks. Low-dose aspirin is now a standard component in managing heart disease patients. When taken during a heart attack, aspirin can reduce clot size and disperse platelets, potentially reducing the death rate by 20-25%. Aspirin has beneficial effects beyond clotting, offering the potential to reduce heart damage if taken early during an attack. 3. Using Aspirin During a Heart Attack Learn how to administer aspirin effectively during a heart attack: Individuals at risk of a heart attack, especially those over 50, are advised to carry aspirin tablets. In case of severe chest pain, individuals should chew and swallow an aspirin tablet immediately while calling 999. Chewing aspirin allows for quicker absorption into the bloodstream, enhancing its effectiveness. Do not swallow soluble aspirin tablets whole. 4. Offering Aspirin to Patients Understand the approach to offering aspirin: Aspirin cannot be forced upon patients; it must be offered. The HSE accepts workplace settings as a valid context for offering medication to patients. 5. The Importance of Aspod Discover the convenience of Aspod for carrying aspirin: Carrying aspirin can be challenging, and tablets may become damaged or damp, rendering them ineffective. Aspods offer a practical solution, allowing easy and secure aspirin storage. Visit our shop to learn more about acquiring an Aspod. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/615/Aspirin_and_the_Aspod-01.jpg Yes 142 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/course-summary-optionalblended https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4815.mp4 Course Summary Congratulations on Completing Your Course! Flexible Learning Options Our courses offer the flexibility of 100% online learning. Additionally, you have the option to enhance your skills with a practical session. Practical Skills Session If you prefer hands-on training, our approved and monitored instructors can conduct practical skills sessions at your workplace, regional training centres, or even virtually through our online training platform. Locating a Local Instructor If you need assistance finding a nearby instructor or wish to arrange a workplace visit, please get in touch with us via phone, email, or our online chat feature. Access and Review You'll have access to the course for eight months, allowing you to revisit and refresh your skills. Keep an eye out for any new instructional videos we may add. Course Test Now, it's time to take the course test. You have the opportunity to review videos, documents, and student resources before starting the test. Test Guidelines The test has no time limit but must be completed in one sitting. Questions include multiple-choice and true/false. Incorrect answers prompt additional guidance, and you can make different choices without affecting your final score. Adaptive Testing System Our adaptive testing system ensures that each participant receives different questions. Successful completion of each course section is required. If you don't pass a section, extra questions will be provided, and you can retake the test after reviewing course materials. Completion Certificates Once you pass the test, you can print your completion certificate. Visit the course homepage anytime to print your Certified CPD statement and evidence-based learning statement. Explore Our Offerings ProTrainings offers a wide range of courses, with over 300 available at regional centres or your workplace. Many are offered as remote virtual courses, with live online instruction. Contact Us For course inquiries or group training solutions, please reach out to us at 01206 805359 or via email at support@protrainings.uk. Thank you for selecting ProTrainings! Best of luck with your test. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8581/Course_Summary-01.jpg Yes 161 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/what3words---location-app https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4780.mp4 What3Words - location app Using What3Words to Pinpoint Your Location for Emergency Services When calling emergency medical services, accurately describing your location can be difficult, especially in remote or unfamiliar areas. What3Words is an app that helps solve this problem by pinpointing your exact location using three unique words. How What3Words Works What3Words assigns three random words to a 3-meter by 3-meter square on the Earth's surface. By providing these words to emergency services, they can quickly and accurately find your location. Using the What3Words Website You can use the What3Words website (www.what3words.com) to find your current location or search for a specific address. The algorithm also includes error checking to ensure that slightly incorrect words still lead to the correct location. Using the What3Words App By downloading the What3Words app on your smartphone, you can easily find your current location and store saved locations for future reference. Who Uses What3Words? Around 80% of UK emergency services now use What3Words, along with roadside assistance services like the AA and various UK delivery companies. How to Find Your Location Using What3Words Visit www.what3words.com or open the app. Search for a postcode, or place, or allow the app to find your current location. Select the correct 3-meter square on the map to generate the three unique words for that location. Take note of the three words for future reference or to share with emergency services. What3Words is an innovative and effective way to pinpoint your exact location, no matter where you are in the world. Give it a try to ensure your safety during emergencies. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8507/What3Words_-_location_app.jpg Yes 119 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/chain-of-survival-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/94.mp4 Chain of Survival The Chain of Survival: Giving Cardiac Arrest Patients the Best Chance of Survival The Chain of Survival describes the essential steps that give a person in cardiac arrest the best possible chance of surviving and recovering with a good quality of life. Each link in the chain is vital, and every second counts. If any one link is weak or delayed, the chances of survival fall dramatically. When all links are strong, outcomes improve and more people return to their families and communities. Link 1: Early Recognition and Calling for Help The first link focuses on recognising serious illness early and calling for help before cardiac arrest occurs. Early warning signs may include: Sudden collapse Difficulty breathing Chest pain Rapid deterioration or reduced responsiveness If you suspect someone is becoming seriously unwell or unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately. Early activation of emergency medical services (EMS) ensures advanced care is on the way as soon as possible. In some cases, early intervention may even prevent cardiac arrest from happening. Link 2: Early CPR and Defibrillation This link is about preserving the brain and restarting the heart. If a person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, they are in cardiac arrest. Start CPR immediately High-quality chest compressions maintain blood flow to the brain and vital organs Defibrillation is the next critical step. Early use of an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) dramatically improves survival. Modern AEDs are safe, simple to use, and provide clear voice prompts. The sooner a shock is delivered, the greater the chance of restoring a normal heart rhythm. Link 3: Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care When the heart restarts, this is known as ROSC – Return of Spontaneous Circulation. At this point, care must continue immediately. This stage focuses on optimising brain and heart function and preventing further deterioration. Key priorities include: Maintaining adequate oxygenation and ventilation Stabilising blood pressure Treating ongoing or recurrent arrhythmias Identifying and correcting reversible causes This phase is critical for protecting the brain, supporting the heart, and reducing the risk of another cardiac arrest. Link 4: Survival and Recovery The final link focuses on restoring quality of life. Survival is not just about restarting the heart. It is about helping the person recover physically, mentally, and emotionally. This stage may involve: Specialist neurological care Rehabilitation and physiotherapy Management of long-term heart or medical conditions Emotional and psychological support Good post-resuscitation care helps patients regain independence and return to a meaningful life after cardiac arrest. Why the Chain of Survival Matters The Chain of Survival highlights that every link matters: Early Recognition and Calling for Help Early CPR and Defibrillation Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care Survival and Recovery When each link is strong, more lives are saved, and more people return to their families and communities with positive long-term outcomes. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/141/Chain_of_Survival.jpg Yes 187 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/scene-safety-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/101.mp4 Scene Safety Ensuring Scene Safety: A Crucial Step Understanding the Situation Before taking any action, it's vital to assess the safety of the scene. In this simulated scenario, let's consider a car accident: Initial Caution: Avoid rushing in immediately. Survey the scene for potential hazards and dangers. Multiple Factors: For a car accident, assess the presence of other vehicles, bystanders, and the number of individuals involved. Risk Assessment: Perform a swift risk evaluation, considering various elements. Understanding the Vehicle When approaching a vehicle, be alert to specific risks and potential dangers: Fluid Presence: Check for any spilled fluids, such as water, oil, petrol, or diesel, as they may pose a fire hazard. Glass Hazards: Be cautious of broken glass resulting from the accident. Cargo Inspection: If it's a van or similar vehicle, consider what it may be carrying, especially chemicals or gas. Safe Approach Remember the mantra: Stop, Think, Act. Maintain a strategic approach to ensure safety while offering assistance: Engage From the Front: When communicating with the injured party, approach from the front to prevent unnecessary head movement. Establish Identity: Clearly introduce yourself: "I'm Keith, a first aider. Can I help you?" Maintain communication from a distance during the assessment phase. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Don gloves as a precaution before moving closer to the patient. Ensuring Head Stability When approaching the vehicle, be mindful of potential spinal injuries: Control Head Movement: Politely instruct the individual to keep their head still. This step is especially important in suspected spinal injury cases. Effective Communication Engage in a dialogue with the injured party while maintaining vigilance for any evolving dangers: Gathering Information: Ask pertinent questions such as "Are you alone? Is there anyone else in the vehicle? Are there any hazardous materials in the vehicle?" Comfort and Reassurance: A compassionate and informative approach helps ease the patient's anxiety. Calling for Assistance If the scene reveals minor injuries or conditions you can't manage, promptly activate the appropriate emergency services: Clear Reporting: Clearly communicate the nature of the situation to the emergency services dispatcher. Request Assistance: Depending on the circumstances, request an ambulance, police, or other relevant services as needed. Conclusion These safety procedures apply to various scenarios, whether involving adults in car accidents or children requiring assistance. Prioritising scene safety ensures effective care delivery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/155/Scene_Safety-01.jpg Yes 285 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/permission-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/98.mp4 Asking permission and consent to help Obtaining Consent in First Aid Situations Introduction and Permission When faced with a first aid scenario, it's crucial to follow proper protocol, beginning with a courteous introduction. Always introduce yourself and request the patient's permission to offer assistance. Consent Verification If the patient grants consent, whether through verbal affirmation, a nod, or by extending an injured limb for examination, you are legally authorized to proceed with your assistance. Respecting Patient's Wishes If, however, the patient declines your aid, you must respect their decision and refrain from any form of intervention. In such cases: Emergency Services: If the patient refuses help, promptly contact the emergency services for professional assistance. Refer to Supervisors or Family: Consider involving the patient's supervisor or family members to address their concerns and provide reassurance. Open Communication: Engage in a compassionate conversation with the patient, focusing on comforting and calming them despite your inability to assist directly. Unconscious Patients Even when dealing with an unconscious casualty, the principles of consent still apply. In such instances, consent may be implied as most individuals in this condition would likely accept aid if conscious: Verbal Interaction: Communicate with the unconscious patient as speaking to them can offer comfort. Hearing is often one of the last senses to diminish. Workplace Duty of Care It's important to recognize that in the workplace, as a designated first aider, you may hold a duty of care towards employees or colleagues. In such circumstances, the injured party may be required to seek your assistance: Employee Seeking Help: In situations where you have a duty of care, the casualty may be compelled to approach you for assistance. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/149/ProTrainings-01.jpg Yes 217 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/adult-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/104.mp4 Adult CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Step-by-Step CPR and AED Guidance Adult cardiac arrest is a time-critical emergency, often caused by sudden cardiac arrhythmia, usually linked to underlying heart disease. Immediate action — calling for help, starting CPR, and using an AED — gives the best chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the casualty, always ensure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Fire Electricity Broken glass or sharp objects If it's safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake their shoulders and ask: “Are you alright?” If there is no response, shout for help. If someone is nearby, ask them to: Call 999 immediately and put the phone on speaker Bring an AED if available If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone so the emergency operator can guide you through CPR. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Next, you need to check for normal breathing: Open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift (place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin, gently tilting the head back) Look into the mouth and remove any visible obstruction, but only if it can be easily seen and removed Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds If the casualty is not breathing normally or only gasping, assume cardiac arrest and start CPR immediately. Step 4: Start CPR Without Delay Tell the 999 operator that the casualty is not breathing normally. The operator will dispatch an ambulance and guide you through CPR step-by-step. How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top, interlock your fingers, and keep your arms straight Press down firmly to a depth of 5–6 cm Release fully after each compression, allowing the chest to rise Continue compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute (about two compressions per second) Tip: You can time compressions to the beat of a familiar song like “Stayin' Alive” or “Baby Shark”, both of which match the right rhythm. Step 5: Give Rescue Breaths After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths: Re-open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift Pinch the nose closed and seal your mouth over theirs Blow steadily for about one second, watching for the chest to rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the second breath Return immediately to chest compressions. If you are unable or unwilling to give breaths, continue with chest compressions only — these are still highly effective and strongly recommended. Step 6: Use an AED as Soon as It Arrives When an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately and follow the spoken instructions Expose the chest and attach the pads as shown on the diagram: One pad just below the right collarbone One pad on the left side of the chest, below the armpit The AED will analyse the heart rhythm. Ensure no one is touching the casualty during this step. If a shock is advised, ensure everyone is clear, say “Stand clear,” and press the shock button. Immediately resume CPR after the shock, starting with chest compressions. If no shock is advised, continue CPR as before. Step 7: Continue Until Help Arrives Continue CPR until: The person starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement, eye opening, or coughing Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If the person starts breathing normally: Stop compressions and place them in the recovery position Keep the airway open and the head slightly tilted back Monitor their breathing continuously until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone Start CPR if the person is not breathing normally Perform 30 compressions to 2 breaths, compressing 5–6 cm at a rate of 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its voice instructions If you cannot give breaths, perform continuous chest compressions until help arrives Every second counts. Your quick actions can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/161/ADULT_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 273 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/rcuk-erc-resus-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7112.mp4 RCUK and ERC Resus Guidelines Why the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC Guidelines Matter The Resuscitation Council UK (RCUK) and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) set the official, evidence-based standards for CPR and first aid across the UK and Europe. These are the guidelines that every trainer, training provider, workplace, and first aider is expected to follow. All of our CPR and first aid courses are built around these trusted and regularly updated recommendations. What Is the Resuscitation Council UK? The Resuscitation Council UK is the nation’s leading authority on resuscitation science. It develops evidence-based guidelines covering: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support Paediatric resuscitation (infants, children, adolescents) CPR guidance for both healthcare professionals and lay responders The RCUK ensures that the UK follows safe, consistent, clinically proven methods in all resuscitation training and emergency response. What Is the European Resuscitation Council? The ERC sets the Europe-wide standards for CPR and emergency care. It works closely with national bodies, including the Resuscitation Council UK, and contributes to global research through the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). This collaboration ensures that CPR and first aid practices are aligned with the latest international scientific evidence. Why These Guidelines Are Important for You CPR and first aid guidance evolves as new evidence, clinical studies, and real-world data become available. These guidelines affect: What instructors teach during CPR and first aid courses How course content is structured The techniques you will learn and need to use during an emergency The recommended sequence of actions when someone collapses or stops breathing In short, the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC shape exactly how CPR and first aid should be performed to give someone the best chance of survival. Guidelines Backed by Extensive Research Each update is based on thousands of scientific papers, clinical reviews, expert analysis, and real-life experience. This means that when the RCUK and ERC release new recommendations, they represent the most effective and up-to-date approach to saving lives. The Latest Guidelines We Teach All of our courses follow the latest Resuscitation Council UK and ERC guidelines, released in late 2025 and scheduled for review in 2030. If you have trained with us before, you will notice some important changes—these updates are designed to: Increase survival rates in cardiac arrest Improve outcomes in first aid emergencies Ensure every rescuer uses the most effective, evidence-based methods What This Means for Learners Whether you are refreshing your skills or learning for the first time, these updated guidelines ensure you are trained to the highest and most current standards. In a real emergency, this knowledge can make the difference between life and death. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12838/RCUK___ERC_Resus_Guidelines.jpg Yes 101 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/level-2/video/cpr-and-the-female-casualty https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7122.mp4 CPR and the female casualty CPR and the Female Casualty: What Every First Aider Needs to Know In this film, we are going to look at CPR and defibrillation for a female casualty. This is an extremely important topic, as women are statistically less likely to receive life-saving CPR or early defibrillation. Understanding why this happens helps us improve care and save more lives. Why Female Casualties Receive Less CPR Research shows that a female casualty is around 25% less likely to have an AED used compared with a male casualty. The most common reason is hesitation. People often feel uncomfortable about: Exposing the chest Touching the chest area Placing AED pads around breast tissue However, the guidelines are very clear: saving a life always comes first. CPR and defibrillation must never be delayed because of modesty, embarrassment, or fear of doing something wrong. Exposing the Chest Is Essential To perform effective CPR and use an AED correctly, the chest must be exposed. This may involve: Moving clothing out of the way Adjusting or lifting a bra Removing a bra entirely if necessary The latest guidance confirms that this is appropriate, lawful, and essential during resuscitation. Never allow clothing or underwear to interfere with AED pad placement. Your priority is restoring a normal heart rhythm, not preserving modesty. Updated AED Pad Placement for Female Casualties AED pad placement has been refined in the latest guidelines to improve the electrical pathway through the ventricles of the heart. Correct positioning is especially important when working around breast tissue. Key Principles for Pad Placement Avoid placing pads directly over breast tissue Ensure full contact between the pad and the skin Follow the latest recommended positions, even if the diagrams on the AED pads show older placements Correct Pad Positions Right-side pad: Place on the upper right chest as usual, adjusting slightly if needed to avoid breast tissue Left-side pad: Place higher and further to the side, under the left armpit along the mid-axillary line This positioning improves shock effectiveness and helps avoid breast tissue completely. Chest Compressions Are the Same for Everyone Chest compressions for a female casualty are performed exactly the same as for any adult. Place your hands in the centre of the chest Compress to a depth of 5–6 cm Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Do not alter your technique because the casualty is female. Effective compressions are critical and must always take priority. Recognising Heart Problems in Women It is also important to understand that women may present differently when experiencing heart problems. Many women do not have the classic crushing chest pain associated with heart attacks. In fact, around 25% experience more subtle symptoms, such as: Jaw pain Nausea or vomiting Shortness of breath Unusual fatigue or discomfort These symptoms can lead to delays in calling for help, increasing the risk of cardiac arrest. The Key Message When a woman suffers a cardiac arrest, immediate CPR and early defibrillation are critical. Do not delay because of: Concerns about exposing the chest Uncertainty about AED pad placement Fear of embarrassment or doing something wrong Act quickly. Act confidently. Your decisive action could save a life and significantly improve the chance of recovery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12900/CPR_and_the_female_casualty.jpg Yes 210 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/sads https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/784.mp4 SADS Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Young People: Risks, Warning Signs, and Prevention Understanding Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) and Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndrome (SADS) Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) and Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndrome (SADS) present unique risks in young individuals. 1. Risk Factors and Causes Key Points: SCA in young people often stems from underlying conditions like SADS, which affect heart rhythm. While SCA is rare in those under 35, it's more likely in individuals with a history of heart issues. SADS, characterized by abnormal heart rhythm, can lead to sudden death in seemingly healthy young individuals. 2. Warning Signs Key Indicators: Recognizing warning signs can help in early diagnosis and treatment of cardiac conditions. Family history of unexplained death under 40, fainting during exercise, seizures, or unusual chest pain are red flags. Shortness of breath during physical activity could signal an underlying cardiac issue. 3. Impact and Statistics Statistical Insights: While the exact prevalence of SCA in young people is unclear, certain factors shed light on its impact. Approximately 3 out of 100,000 young athletes experience SCA, with regular sports participation increasing the risk. Screening and prompt resuscitation significantly improve outcomes, highlighting the importance of early intervention. 4. Awareness and Prevention Efforts Community Initiatives: Various campaigns aim to raise awareness and reduce SCA occurrences, emphasizing the need for education and accessible resources. Organizations like the Oliver King Foundation and Hand On Heart lead efforts to increase awareness and provide training. Supporting these charities contributes to life-saving initiatives, such as deploying automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in schools. Conclusion: Importance of Education and Training Increasing awareness, training, and access to AED units are vital steps in combating SCA in young people. Initiatives like free online first aid courses for students and community outreach play a crucial role in saving lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1367/Sudden_Arrhythmia_Death_Syndrome-01.jpg Yes 180 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/fears-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/97.mp4 Fears of First Aid Addressing Common Fears in First Aid Training People attending first aid training often express initial reluctance due to various fears and concerns. Addressing these fears and demonstrating how they can be easily managed makes the training more enjoyable and understandable. Fear of Infection Some participants worry about coming into contact with blood, vomit, or other bodily fluids. First aid training teaches the effective use of barriers such as gloves and face shields to protect first aiders from infections like HIV or Hepatitis. Fear of Doing Harm The fear of doing something wrong or hurting the patient is common, especially when delivering chest compressions during CPR. It is important to remember that a non-breathing patient with no heartbeat is already in a critical state, and CPR can only help. The most harm would come from not performing chest compressions at all. Your training will help you respond appropriately to various situations. Fear of Litigation Concerns about potential litigation can be addressed through proper training. If you always ask for permission to help, follow the rules and workplace policies, and act within the boundaries of your training, the likelihood of being sued is low. Fear for Personal Safety First aiders should prioritize their own safety to avoid becoming patients themselves. Training emphasises the importance of always stopping, thinking, and then acting before approaching any emergency situation. This includes using scene safety measures to ensure your well-being. By addressing these fears in first aid training, participants can gain confidence and be better prepared to handle emergencies effectively and safely. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/147/Fears_of_First_Aid-01.jpg Yes 182 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/aed-locations https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/421.mp4 AED Locations Finding an AED During an Emergency Knowing where to find an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) can be crucial in emergency situations. Here's a guide on where to look for them. Accessing AEDs in Various Locations AEDs are increasingly available in public and private spaces for quick response in emergencies. AEDs at Work and Home If your workplace or home is equipped with an AED, it offers immediate access during emergencies. Emergency Services and AED Locations During an emergency, calling 999 or 112 not only dispatches an ambulance but may also activate local community responders or volunteers with AEDs. Public Access AEDs AEDs are often placed in public areas for widespread accessibility. Common Public Spaces Airports, Railway Stations, and Shopping Centres: These busy areas are common spots for public access AEDs. Community AEDs: Often found outside shops, pubs, doctor's surgeries, and dental practices, these AEDs are usually locked with access codes provided by emergency services. Corporate AEDs Many businesses also invest in AEDs for emergency preparedness. Action Steps in Cardiac Arrest Situations If faced with a cardiac arrest, quickly ask bystanders about nearby AEDs and send someone to retrieve it. Early use of an AED can significantly improve survival chances. Being Observant in the Community Take time to notice AED locations when you're out and about; their prevalence might surprise you. Conclusion Identifying AED locations in advance can be lifesaving. Familiarise yourself with their locations in your regular environments and public spaces. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/789/AED_Locations-01.jpg Yes 98 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/permission-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/98.mp4 Asking permission and consent to help Obtaining Consent in First Aid Situations Introduction and Permission When faced with a first aid scenario, it's crucial to follow proper protocol, beginning with a courteous introduction. Always introduce yourself and request the patient's permission to offer assistance. Consent Verification If the patient grants consent, whether through verbal affirmation, a nod, or by extending an injured limb for examination, you are legally authorized to proceed with your assistance. Respecting Patient's Wishes If, however, the patient declines your aid, you must respect their decision and refrain from any form of intervention. In such cases: Emergency Services: If the patient refuses help, promptly contact the emergency services for professional assistance. Refer to Supervisors or Family: Consider involving the patient's supervisor or family members to address their concerns and provide reassurance. Open Communication: Engage in a compassionate conversation with the patient, focusing on comforting and calming them despite your inability to assist directly. Unconscious Patients Even when dealing with an unconscious casualty, the principles of consent still apply. In such instances, consent may be implied as most individuals in this condition would likely accept aid if conscious: Verbal Interaction: Communicate with the unconscious patient as speaking to them can offer comfort. Hearing is often one of the last senses to diminish. Workplace Duty of Care It's important to recognize that in the workplace, as a designated first aider, you may hold a duty of care towards employees or colleagues. In such circumstances, the injured party may be required to seek your assistance: Employee Seeking Help: In situations where you have a duty of care, the casualty may be compelled to approach you for assistance. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/149/ProTrainings-01.jpg Yes 217 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/infant-recovery-position https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/284.mp4 Infant Recovery Position Recovery Position for Infants Differences in the Recovery Position Using the recovery position for adults and children differs significantly from what you should do when dealing with an infant (under 1 year old). It's crucial to adapt your approach for their specific needs. Steps for Infant Recovery Follow these steps when dealing with an unconscious infant: Cradle the Infant: After confirming no injuries and checking for breathing, cradle the infant in your arms. Hold them facing you with their head tilted downward. Proper Support: Support their body using your arm and one hand while your other hand cradles their head securely. Choking and Vomit Prevention: This position prevents choking on the tongue or inhaling vomit. It also allows for easy monitoring. Continual Monitoring: Regularly check for breathing and assess their circulation by observing the color of their lips. Keep a close watch for signs of regaining consciousness. Comfort and Warmth: Holding them this way provides comfort and warmth to the infant during this critical time. Calling for Help If necessary, you can call emergency services or ask someone for assistance. However, ensure that you remain cautious while moving around. Your primary focus must always be on the infant's well-being, but it's equally important to avoid accidents like slipping, tripping, or falling. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/515/Infant_Recovery_Position-01.jpg Yes 74 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/heart-attack-body-position https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/109.mp4 Heart Attack Position Recognizing and Responding to Heart Attacks 1. Identifying a Potential Heart Attack Know the signs and act promptly: If you suspect someone is experiencing a heart attack, call the emergency services immediately. In the UK, heart attacks are alarmingly common, with someone being admitted to the hospital approximately every five minutes, according to the British Heart Foundation. Never ignore chest pain; treat it seriously and take prompt action. 2. Recognizing Heart Attack Symptoms Familiarize yourself with common symptoms: Heart attack symptoms may include: Persistent chest pain lasting more than a few minutes Pain radiating to the arms, back, neck, and stomach Unexplained shortness of breath 3. Providing Initial Aid Take immediate action when someone shows signs of a heart attack: Seat them down and ensure their back is supported against a stable surface, such as a fence, wall, tree, or goalpost. Bring their knees up towards their chest and lean them forward slightly. This position, known as the heart attack position or 'W' position, helps reduce pressure on the heart by opening up the thoracic cavity. Do not lay the person down and raise their legs, as this can strain the heart further. If you have an aspirin in an Aspod, consider offering it, but do not insist if they decline. While in the 'W' position, maintain communication and urgently contact emergency services. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/171/Heart_Attack_pOSITION-01.jpg Yes 84 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/child-aed-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/236.mp4 Child AED Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Use (Ages 1–12) If you find a child aged between 1 and 12 years who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, you must act quickly. Early CPR and rapid defibrillation give the child the best possible chance of survival. Because this age group covers a wide range of sizes and weights, CPR techniques are adapted to suit the child in front of you. Calling for Help If the child is unresponsive: Call 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance. If you are unsure whether the child is breathing normally, treat them as though they are not. Put your phone on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Start CPR Immediately In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by breathing problems. For this reason: Start with five rescue breaths. Then begin chest compressions. Chest Compressions Compress the chest to around one-third of its depth. Allow full chest recoil after each compression. Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute. Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 breaths. Do not pause CPR while someone is fetching an AED. Using an AED on a Child Use the AED as soon as it arrives. Switch the AED on and follow the voice and visual prompts. If available, use a paediatric mode or paediatric pads, which reduce shock energy. If paediatric settings are not available, use adult pads and settings. Never delay defibrillation. Pad Placement Ensure the child’s chest is bare and dry. Children under approximately 25 kg (usually under 8 years) Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left side. Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. This front-and-back placement ensures the electrical shock passes through the heart. Children over approximately 25 kg Place one pad on the centre of the chest. Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. During AED Analysis and Shock When the AED says “Stand clear”, ensure no one is touching the child. If a shock is advised, make sure everyone stays clear while it is delivered. Restart chest compressions immediately after the shock, or if no shock is advised. Continue CPR Until Professional help arrives and takes over, or The child shows clear signs of life, or You are physically unable to continue. Key Safety Message AEDs are extremely safe to use on children. They will only deliver a shock if it is needed. Early CPR and early defibrillation dramatically improve survival. The most important thing is to act quickly, confidently, and without delay. Your actions could save a child’s life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/419/Child_AED.jpg Yes 177 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/aed-pads https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/419.mp4 AED Pads Types of AED Pads and Their Application Overview of AED Pad Types Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) pads are essential components of AED units. Understanding the differences between cartridge and conventional pad types, including those with integrated batteries, is crucial for effective emergency response. Cartridge-Type AED Pads Cartridge-type AED pads come in two main varieties: those with integrated batteries (e.g., HeartSine) and those without (e.g., Philips HeartStart). Cartridges with batteries simplify maintenance by combining pad and battery replacement. Conventional Pad Types Conventional AED pads, often packaged in foil, require separate battery management. When using these, ensure they are correctly connected to the AED unit and regularly check for expiry dates and physical damage. Pad Application and Maintenance Adult Pads: Clearly marked for correct placement, these pads should be applied firmly to bare skin, avoiding excessive hair. Pediatric Pads: For children, use pediatric pads when available, placing them front and back. Adult pads may be used if pediatric ones are not available, ensuring they do not touch each other. Infant Pads: There are no specific pads for infants (under one year old). In such cases, follow the standard emergency procedure without AED intervention. Conclusion Proper knowledge and handling of different types of AED pads are vital for ensuring effective response in cardiac emergencies. Regular maintenance, correct application, and understanding the nuances between adult and pediatric pads can significantly impact the success of defibrillation attempts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/785/AED_pads-01.jpg Yes 430 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/drowning https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/708.mp4 Drowning Responding to Suspected Drowning Incidents 1. Prioritize Safety First When encountering a suspected drowning victim who is unresponsive and not breathing, prioritize safety for yourself and others. 2. Assess the Situation Begin this scenario with the victim on their back, considering potential water-related hazards such as cold water, underwater obstructions, soft beds, or strong currents. 3. Drowning vs. Office Situation Recognize the distinction between a drowning victim and someone not breathing in an office setting. Drowning is more likely due to a respiratory problem. 4. Providing Treatment If someone is present, send them to call the EMS; otherwise, continue with care. Open the airway and check for breathing for 10 seconds. If no breathing is detected, administer five rescue breaths initially. Follow with 30 compressions and two breaths, repeating for one minute. If alone, leave to call for help, following the "call fast approach." Continue CPR with 30 compressions and two breaths until EMS arrives or instructs otherwise. 5. Importance of Initial Rescue Breaths Delivering five initial rescue breaths aims to restart breathing and assess signs of life before proceeding with CPR. 6. Consistency with Child Drowning Protocol It's noteworthy that the sequence for responding to drowning is the same for children aged 1 to 18. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1213/Drowning.jpg Yes 122 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/aed-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/107.mp4 AED Introduction Understanding Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) 1. What is an AED? An AED, or automatic external defibrillator, explained. There is a common misconception that AEDs restart the heart, but their role is to interrupt abnormal heart activity. 2. AEDs and Heart Function Understanding how AEDs work to restore a normal heart rhythm. Electric activity in the heart can lead to abnormal twitching rather than a meaningful pulse. An AED delivers a shock to interrupt this electric activity, allowing the heart's natural pacemakers to restart it in a normal rhythm. AEDs advise a shock only when detecting specific shockable rhythms, such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). 3. Types of AED Units Exploring different AED models and their operation. Semi-automatic AEDs require manual activation of the shock button when advised. Automatic AEDs initiate shocks automatically when necessary. 4. Future AED Videos Stay tuned for upcoming videos that delve into AEDs in greater detail and provide guidance on their usage. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/167/AED_Introduction-01.jpg Yes 106 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/community-aed-units https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/650.mp4 Community AED Units Community AED Units: A Rapid Response to Cardiac Arrests In the event of a cardiac arrest, time is of the essence. Community AED units play a pivotal role in providing immediate assistance before the arrival of an ambulance. Location and Accessibility Ensuring quick access to AEDs, they are strategically placed throughout communities. You can commonly find these lifesaving devices in local shops, churches, pubs, community centres, and various businesses. An excellent example of this would be an AED unit located outside a vintage store, acting as a central point for local residents. Positioning AEDs in visible spots significantly boosts their potential use in emergencies. Take for instance an AED housed in a classic red phone box. While it might be in a more secluded spot, its proximity to parking and ease of access for locals make it an invaluable asset. When you ring emergency services, they'll provide you with a code. Input this code into the lock, turn the handle, and you gain access to the AED. The primary aim here is to get the AED to the casualty before the ambulance, making every second count. It's worth noting that each minute's delay in deploying an AED reduces survival rates by 10%. Reaching a patient 2-3 minutes before paramedics could dramatically increase their survival chances. Maintenance and Database The upkeep of community AED units is typically overseen by the local community or nearby businesses. Fortunately, a national AED database now exists, streamlining the process of locating the closest AED. The In-Step search is another handy tool to pinpoint your nearest AED. For Businesses If you're running a business, it's prudent to be aware of your closest AED's location. Having this information readily available could make a world of difference during emergencies. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1091/Community_AED_Units-01.jpg Yes 106 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/barriers-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/96.mp4 Using gloves Importance of Gloves in Emergency First Aid Fear of Infection in First Aid For some individuals, the fear of infection can discourage them from providing emergency first aid. However, safeguarding yourself from potential infection is crucial when assisting a patient. Gloves play a pivotal role in facilitating your response and ensuring protection. Types of Gloves Various glove options are available for first aid, with nitrile and vinyl being commonly used: Nitrile Gloves: Widely used in first aid, available in different colours, and suitable for various purposes. Vinyl Gloves: Commonly used in food preparation but less durable; handle with care to prevent tearing. Latex Gloves: Now less common due to allergy risks, particularly latex allergies. Gloves can be powdered or powder-free, with powder facilitating easier wear but posing potential allergy issues. Putting On and Changing Gloves Proper glove usage is essential: Ensure there are no rings that could damage the gloves. Inspect gloves for any holes or tears before wearing them. Follow the correct method for putting on gloves, as demonstrated in the video. If dealing with multiple patients, change gloves to prevent cross-contamination. Safe Glove Removal Removing gloves correctly is vital to prevent contact with blood or bodily fluids: Dispose of used gloves, along with other soiled items, in a biohazard bag or bin. Never dispose of gloves in general waste, as they may pose a risk to others. Workplaces may have specific rules for glove and infected material disposal; always adhere to local guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/145/Using_Gloves-01.jpg Yes 153 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/aed-units-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/289.mp4 Types of AED Units Diverse Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) and Their Advanced Capabilities Overview of AED Types Despite numerous brands, AEDs can be broadly categorized into three main types, each with unique functionalities. Semi-Automatic AEDs Example: These AEDs require a manual shock delivery, indicated by a flashing button. Automatic AEDs Example: These AEDs automatically deliver a shock after a countdown, eliminating the need for a manual button press. CPR-Assist AEDs Example: These AEDs offer real-time feedback on CPR quality, aiding in effective resuscitation. Gateway Unit: Enhancing AED Functionality A unique addition to AEDs is the gateway unit, which enhances the unit's functionality with Wi-Fi connectivity. Benefits of Gateway Units Allows remote monitoring of AED status. Provides alerts for pad replacement and unit checks. Facilitates easy data transfer and management. Choosing the Right AED Selecting an AED depends on your specific needs. Consider whether automatic or manual shock delivery is preferable and if CPR feedback would be beneficial. Conclusion Understanding the different types of AEDs and their advanced features is crucial for effective emergency response and saving lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/525/Types_of_AED_Units-01.jpg Yes 330 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/battery-aeds https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/420.mp4 AED Batteries AED Battery Types and Their Maintenance Types of AED Batteries AED units typically use solid disposable battery packs, though some models might employ multiple small batteries. It's important to understand that AEDs are solely powered by these batteries and do not rely on mains power or rechargeable options. Integrated Battery Systems Some AED models, like the HeartSine units, incorporate the battery into the pad cartridge. This design simplifies maintenance by ensuring that replacing the pads also means a fresh battery, guaranteeing the unit's readiness. Battery Shelf Life and Maintenance Checks The lifespan of AED batteries can range from two to five years. Regularly checking the battery charge level is crucial for emergency preparedness. Regular Checks: Ensure that the batteries are fully charged and operational. Alerts and Indicators: Pay attention to any alerts such as beeps or lights indicating battery issues. Emergency Use: Even if the unit indicates a need for battery replacement, it can still be used in emergency situations. Conclusion Effective management of AED batteries is essential for ensuring that the device is ready for use during emergencies. By understanding the types of batteries used and adhering to regular maintenance checks, you can ensure the reliability and effectiveness of your AED unit. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/787/AED_Batteries-01.jpg Yes 235 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/chain-of-survival-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/94.mp4 Chain of Survival The Chain of Survival: Giving Cardiac Arrest Patients the Best Chance of Survival The Chain of Survival describes the essential steps that give a person in cardiac arrest the best possible chance of surviving and recovering with a good quality of life. Each link in the chain is vital, and every second counts. If any one link is weak or delayed, the chances of survival fall dramatically. When all links are strong, outcomes improve and more people return to their families and communities. Link 1: Early Recognition and Calling for Help The first link focuses on recognising serious illness early and calling for help before cardiac arrest occurs. Early warning signs may include: Sudden collapse Difficulty breathing Chest pain Rapid deterioration or reduced responsiveness If you suspect someone is becoming seriously unwell or unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately. Early activation of emergency medical services (EMS) ensures advanced care is on the way as soon as possible. In some cases, early intervention may even prevent cardiac arrest from happening. Link 2: Early CPR and Defibrillation This link is about preserving the brain and restarting the heart. If a person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, they are in cardiac arrest. Start CPR immediately High-quality chest compressions maintain blood flow to the brain and vital organs Defibrillation is the next critical step. Early use of an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) dramatically improves survival. Modern AEDs are safe, simple to use, and provide clear voice prompts. The sooner a shock is delivered, the greater the chance of restoring a normal heart rhythm. Link 3: Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care When the heart restarts, this is known as ROSC – Return of Spontaneous Circulation. At this point, care must continue immediately. This stage focuses on optimising brain and heart function and preventing further deterioration. Key priorities include: Maintaining adequate oxygenation and ventilation Stabilising blood pressure Treating ongoing or recurrent arrhythmias Identifying and correcting reversible causes This phase is critical for protecting the brain, supporting the heart, and reducing the risk of another cardiac arrest. Link 4: Survival and Recovery The final link focuses on restoring quality of life. Survival is not just about restarting the heart. It is about helping the person recover physically, mentally, and emotionally. This stage may involve: Specialist neurological care Rehabilitation and physiotherapy Management of long-term heart or medical conditions Emotional and psychological support Good post-resuscitation care helps patients regain independence and return to a meaningful life after cardiac arrest. Why the Chain of Survival Matters The Chain of Survival highlights that every link matters: Early Recognition and Calling for Help Early CPR and Defibrillation Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care Survival and Recovery When each link is strong, more lives are saved, and more people return to their families and communities with positive long-term outcomes. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/141/Chain_of_Survival.jpg Yes 187 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/face-shields-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/100.mp4 How to use face shields Face Shields and Pocket Masks: Protection During First Aid Face shields offer a simple, effective, and affordable means of protection against coming into contact with vomit, blood, or other substances when providing rescue breaths. If you don't have a face shield or cannot give rescue breaths, you can perform chest compressions only. Types of Face Shields While packaging and design may vary, there are two main types of face shields: Filter paper: These face shields have filter paper to blow through. One-way valve: These face shields feature a one-way valve for exhalation. Both types allow you to squeeze the nose and provide a barrier against substances. Face shields are available with a pouch and keyring, so they're always at hand. All BSI first-aid kits include some form of face shield. Pocket Masks Pocket masks are another type of face shield. They seal around the face and feature a one-way valve for ventilation. Air enters the patient's mouth and nose during rescue breaths. Typically, pocket masks come in a plastic case. To remove the mask, push it until it pops up. An elastic band can be placed around the patient's head to secure the mask, and an air-filled sack around the mask ensures a proper seal. Pocket masks can also be used with oxygen if available. Disposing of Face Shields Face shields are single-use only and should be disposed of safely after use. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/153/How_to_use_face_sheilds-01.jpg Yes 92 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/adult-bvm-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/166.mp4 Bag Valve Masks Using the Bag Valve Mask (BVM) for Non-Breathing Patients Introduction When rescue breaths are not feasible, the Bag Valve Mask (BVM) becomes a vital tool for delivering ventilations to a non-breathing patient. Components of the BVM Let's examine the key components of the Bag Valve Mask: Oxygen Supply: Connects to the BVM, enriching the system with oxygen. Reservoir Bag: Oxygen reservoir ensuring optimal oxygen delivery to the patient. Compressible Bag: Provides controlled oxygen flow during ventilation. Valve Mechanism: Regulates the flow of oxygen during both inhalation and exhalation. Using the BVM Proper usage of the BVM is critical for effective ventilation: Positioning: Place the mask on the patient's face, ensuring a secure seal over the nose and chin, extending to the base of the chin. Airway Management: Open the airway fully using a head tilt chin lift technique to maximize airflow. Sealing: Gently push down on the mask to maintain a seal while avoiding excessive pressure. Two-Man Technique: For optimal control, it's recommended to use a two-person approach. One person secures the mask and airway while the other operates the bag for ventilation. Single-Hand Bag Compression: When squeezing the bag, always use one hand. Using two hands may cause lung trauma and complicate future ventilation efforts. By following these guidelines, you can effectively utilize the Bag Valve Mask to provide essential ventilations to non-breathing patients. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/285/1.jpeg Yes 208 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/abcds-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/95.mp4 DRcABCDE approach The DRcABCDE Approach: A Structured Method for Emergency Patient Assessment The DRcABCDE approach is a clear, structured method used to assess, prioritise, and treat any patient in an emergency situation. It ensures that the most immediately life-threatening problems are identified and managed first. Current guidelines continue to emphasise that DRcABCDE must be used on every unwell or injured patient, from minor illness to major trauma. What Does DRcABCDE Stand For? The sequence is designed around what will kill the casualty first if not treated: Danger Response Catastrophic Bleeding Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure D – Danger Before approaching the casualty, stop and check for danger. Ensure your safety, the casualty’s safety, and the safety of others Look for hazards such as traffic, electricity, fire, violence, sharp objects, or unstable structures If the scene is unsafe, do not enter. You cannot help if you become the next casualty. R – Response Check whether the casualty is responsive: Speak clearly: “Can you hear me? Are you alright?” If there is no response, apply a gentle shoulder tap This helps assess their level of consciousness and whether urgent help is needed. If the casualty is unresponsive or responding poorly, call emergency services immediately and put your phone on speaker. c – Catastrophic Bleeding Catastrophic bleeding is managed before the airway. If you identify severe, life-threatening bleeding, control it immediately. There is no benefit in CPR if blood is rapidly leaving the body. Apply direct pressure Use a haemostatic dressing if available Apply a tourniquet when appropriate Uncontrolled blood loss can be fatal within minutes, making this an absolute priority. A – Airway Once catastrophic bleeding is controlled, open and check the airway. Use a head tilt and chin lift if no spinal injury is suspected Use a jaw thrust if spinal trauma is suspected Remove visible obstructions only — never perform blind finger sweeps A clear airway is essential. Without it, breathing cannot occur and oxygen cannot reach the brain. B – Breathing Assess breathing by looking, listening, and feeling for up to 10 seconds. If not breathing normally or only gasping, start CPR immediately and send for an AED If breathing is present, assess the rate, depth, and effort Look for: Chest rise and symmetry Wheezing or abnormal sounds Signs of respiratory distress or chest injury C – Circulation Check circulation and look for signs of shock. Pale, cold, or clammy skin Rapid pulse Ongoing bleeding Reduced level of consciousness In cardiac arrest, do not waste time checking for a pulse. In breathing casualties, a quick pulse check can help assess circulation. Treat shock early: Lay the casualty flat Keep them warm Treat the underlying cause D – Disability This stage assesses neurological status. Use the AVPU scale: A – Alert V – Responds to Voice P – Responds to Pain U – Unresponsive Also check for: Pupil changes Confusion or agitation Seizures Signs of head injury Consider low blood glucose as a reversible cause where appropriate. E – Exposure Fully expose the casualty to identify any hidden injuries, while maintaining dignity. Look for wounds, burns, swelling, rashes, or bleeding Check for medical alert jewellery or tags Prevent heat loss and monitor for hypothermia. Cover the casualty again as soon as possible. Why the DRcABCDE Approach Works The DRcABCDE approach is effective because it is simple, structured, and prioritises immediate threats to life. This assessment must be repeated continuously. As the casualty’s condition changes, your actions must adapt. Using DRcABCDE helps you stay calm, organised, and focused, giving every casualty the best possible chance of survival and recovery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/143/DRcABCDE.jpg Yes 276 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/adult-cpr-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/103.mp4 Adult CPR Introduction What Is CPR and How Does It Work? CPR, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is a life-saving technique used when someone is not breathing normally. Its purpose is simple but vital: to keep oxygen-rich blood circulating around the body until professional help arrives. How CPR Keeps the Body Alive During CPR, you push down firmly on the chest. This action squeezes the heart, forcing blood out of it and around the body. Although CPR does not restart the heart, it helps maintain circulation to the brain and other vital organs. The heart itself is divided into two sides: The right side pumps blood to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen. The oxygen-rich blood then returns to the left side, which pumps it around the body through the arteries. This continuous cycle supplies oxygen to the organs and tissues throughout your life. The heart automatically adjusts its speed, beating faster during exercise and slowing when you rest. What Happens in Cardiac Arrest The heart beats because it produces small electrical impulses from its natural pacemakers. These signals cause the heart muscle to contract in a coordinated way. However, problems can occur. For example: A blockage can reduce the supply of oxygen-rich blood. The heart can enter cardiac arrest, where it stops beating effectively. In around 85–90% of cardiac arrests, the heart goes into a rhythm called ventricular fibrillation (VF). In VF, the heart muscle twitches or quivers instead of pumping, meaning no blood is circulated. Why CPR and Defibrillation Are Essential When the heart is in VF, CPR is used to manually pump blood by pressing on the breastbone and compressing the heart. This keeps oxygen moving around the body but does not restart the heart. The only way to restart the heart is with a defibrillator. A defibrillator delivers a controlled electrical shock designed to stop the abnormal rhythm and allow the heart to resume a normal beat. Paramedics may also give medications to support recovery. When to Start CPR CPR may sound technical, but the decision to start is very simple. You do not need to know what the heart is doing. If a person is: Unresponsive, and Not breathing normally Then CPR must be started immediately. Why Your Actions Matter Survival rates following cardiac arrest are strongly influenced by what you do: No CPR: Survival rate is around 4.3% Chest compressions only: Survival increases to around 7.7% Full CPR (compressions and breaths): Survival rises to approximately 13.6% These figures show a clear message: taking action saves lives. Key Message You do not need medical knowledge to save a life. If someone is not breathing, start CPR immediately. Chest compressions keep blood flowing, and early defibrillation gives the heart the chance to restart. Doing something is always better than doing nothing. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/159/Introduction_to_CPR.jpg Yes 156 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/aed-setup-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/250.mp4 AED Setup Efficient Setup of Automatic External Defibrillators (AED) Introduction to AED Setup AED units are user-friendly and share common setup procedures. This guide will walk you through the essential steps to ensure your AED is ready for use. Initial Inspection Ensure the AED kit is complete with all necessary components. Check that the battery is correctly installed and functioning. Look for any warning indicators or malfunctioning lights. Pad Inspection and Connection Examine the pads for any damage or broken seals. Connect the pads to the unit, unless designed to be connected later. Ensure the pads are within their expiry date. AED Unit Maintenance Keep the AED in a clean, dry, and easily accessible location. Regularly check for any signs of wear or damage. Troubleshooting and Assistance If you encounter any issues with your AED unit, refer to the manufacturer's instructions or visit their website for specific guidance. Regular AED Checks Conduct routine checks as per your workplace's risk assessment, policies, practices, and manufacturer's recommendations to ensure the AED is always ready for use. Conclusion Setting up and maintaining an AED unit is a straightforward process, but it's crucial for ensuring prompt and effective response in emergency situations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/447/AED_Setup-01.jpg Yes 387 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/aed-demo-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/249.mp4 How to Use an AED Practical Guide to Using an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) Initial Steps in AED Usage This guide assumes initial emergency response actions, like scene safety and wearing gloves, have already been performed. It starts from the point of AED arrival at the emergency scene. Preparing the Patient Ensure the patient's chest is fully exposed to attach the AED pads effectively. Remove any obstructive clothing, including undergarments, for clear pad placement. Inspect for any medical devices like pacemakers or metal patches that might interfere with the defibrillation process. Securely place the AED pads on clean, bare skin. Operating the AED Turn on the AED unit and follow the vocal instructions. Adhere the pads to the specified areas on the patient's chest. Ensure everyone is clear of the patient before analyzing the rhythm and delivering a shock if advised. Continue with CPR as guided by the AED, following the metronome and feedback for effective compressions. Key Points in AED Usage Speed is crucial: Aim to attach the AED within four minutes for a higher survival chance. Use visual and auditory prompts from the AED for accurate and effective CPR. Continue the process until emergency services arrive and take over. Conclusion Using an AED is a critical skill in emergency situations. This guide provides a simplified yet comprehensive approach to effectively operate an AED and perform life-saving actions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/445/How_to_Use_an_AED-01.jpg Yes 553 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/introduction-to-this-cpr-aed-course https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1322.mp4 Course introduction Welcome to the ProTrainings CPR Basic Life Support and AED Level Two Course Course Overview This course combines two popular courses into one, aligned with the Skills for Health UK's Core Skills Training Framework (UK-CSTF) for Resuscitation Skills. Course Features Video Content: Watch a series of videos covering CPR, Basic Life Support, and AED usage. Knowledge Review: Answer knowledge review questions throughout the course. Completion Test: Take a short completion test at the end of the course. Flexibility: Start and stop the course at your convenience, and resume where you left off. Device Compatibility: Access the course on any device, including computers, smartphones, and tablets. Interactive Features: Pin videos to the top of your screen for easy viewing, and enable subtitles for text support. Support Resources: Additional help available for incorrect answers, with access to resources and links. Completion Certificate: Receive a completion certificate, certified CPD statement, and evidenced-based learning statement upon passing the test. Validation: Validate your certificate by scanning the QR code provided. Course Access: Access the course for 8 months from the start date, even after passing the test. Company Solutions: Free company dashboards available for workplace training, with support via email, phone, or online chat. Email Updates: Receive weekly email updates with new course content and blog news. We strive to provide complete support throughout your training, ensuring a seamless learning experience. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. Good luck with your course! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2381/Course_introduction-01.jpg Yes 143 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/aed-post-resuscitation-procedures https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1401.mp4 AED Post Resuscitation Procedures Understanding Cardiac Arrest: Causes, Effects, and Interventions Cardiac arrest is a medical condition characterised by the abrupt cessation of heart function, leading to a halt in breathing and a shutdown of brain activity due to inadequate blood supply. With over a million cardiac arrest events annually in North America and the European Union, it's essential to recognise its potential reversibility with timely medical intervention. Cardiac Arrest: A Potentially Reversible Condition Despite its clinical synonymity with death, cardiac arrest can be potentially salvageable, especially during the initial stages. Medical interventions can restore blood flow and reactivate the heart, effectively reviving the patient. However, only 20-50% of resuscitation attempts result in the reactivation of the heart. Survival Rates Post Cardiac Arrest Regrettably, complications often follow successful revival, leading to a high mortality rate. Survival rates until hospital discharge are significantly lower. For cardiac arrests occurring outside hospital settings, survival rates can range from 1-15%, while for in-hospital cardiac arrests, discharge rates are around 25%. Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) ROSC signifies the resumption of sustained cardiac activity, coupled with considerable respiratory effort following cardiac arrest. Signs of ROSC include observable breathing, coughing, or movement, a palpable pulse, and measurable blood pressure. Interventions such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation can enhance the chance of achieving ROSC. Post-Resuscitation Complications Despite the successful recovery of heartbeat post-resuscitation, significant organ damage often leads to eventual death. Estimates suggest that a third of these deaths result from brain or neurological damage, another third from heart or myocardial damage, and the remainder from various inflammatory processes. The Impact of Cardiac Arrest on the Brain Within the brain cells, oxygen levels rapidly diminish, reaching zero within approximately two minutes of a cardiac arrest. Simultaneously, energy stores are depleted, leading to toxic material accumulation within the cells, such as lactate and acid. This cellular toxicity results in extensive cell damage and, ultimately, cell death. First Aid Approach in Cardiac Arrest Cases While first aid cannot directly counteract future brain damage, it can significantly help manage and monitor the patient's condition. Important steps include monitoring the patient's breathing, pulse, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation (if possible); administering oxygen; positioning the patient correctly; preparing for a potential cardiac arrest; and providing detailed information to medical professionals, potentially including data from an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) unit. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2531/AED_Post_Resuscitation_Procedures-01.jpg Yes 191 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/aed-troubleshooting https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1402.mp4 AED Troubleshooting Effective Troubleshooting and Maintenance of AED Units Understanding AED Functionality AEDs are generally reliable and self-maintaining. Familiarizing yourself with the instruction manual upon receiving the unit is essential for effective troubleshooting. Recognizing AED Warning Signals Pay attention to the unit's indicator lights and audio messages: Normal Operation: A regular flashing light indicates proper functioning. Warning Indicators: A flashing red light signals a problem. Promptly refer to the manual for guidance. Data Storage Capacity: A warning about a full data card suggests limited data storage capacity, though the AED will continue to operate normally. Temperature Alerts: Rapid beeping may signal temperature-related issues. Protective cases can mitigate extreme temperature effects. Servicing and Warranty If the unit displays a servicing message, contact your supplier or manufacturer immediately. Avoid self-investigating to preserve the warranty. Regular Maintenance Checks AEDs perform self-tests and will audibly indicate any problems during routine checks. Regularly checking your AED ensures it remains in optimal working condition. Conclusion Understanding the warning signals and conducting regular maintenance checks are crucial for ensuring the readiness and reliability of your AED unit. Always consult the instruction manual or a professional for any troubleshooting or servicing needs. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2533/AED_Troubleshooting-01.jpg Yes 255 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/oxygen-for-first-aid https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/707.mp4 Oxygen for First Aid Oxygen Administration in Emergency Care Benefits of Oxygen in Emergencies Oxygen therapy is crucial in various medical scenarios such as shock or heart attacks. Enhancing oxygen concentration in the body significantly boosts the odds of survival, especially during CPR. Oxygen Safety and the Fire Triangle Caution: Oxygen is a key component of the Fire Triangle, implying a risk of fire. Mitigate this by maintaining equipment properly and ensuring secure storage. Transporting Oxygen Safely When transporting oxygen in a vehicle, display a sign indicating its presence. This ensures emergency services are aware in case of an accident. Storing Oxygen Tanks Store oxygen tanks upright to prevent damage. Use the carry handle for safe handling. Operating the Oxygen Tank Regulator and Gauge: The regulator manages oxygen flow, and the gauge indicates remaining oxygen. Valve Operation: Open the valve gently to start the flow, avoiding forceful handling. Utilising Non-rebreather Masks Non-rebreather masks, suitable for conscious or unconscious breathing patients, provide nearly 100% oxygen. Communicate clearly with the patient to ease discomfort and ensure effective usage. Contraindications and Cautions In certain conditions like COPD, administering pure oxygen can be detrimental. Always assess the patient's medical history before oxygen therapy. Post-Use Procedures After emergency services take over, responsibly pack away the equipment. Safely dispose of the mask, turn off and store the tank, or arrange for its refill. Conclusion Oxygen therapy is a potent tool in emergency care. Its proper usage, combined with safety and maintenance protocols, can save lives while minimizing risks. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1211/Oxygen_for_First_Aid-01.jpg Yes 426 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/heart-attacks-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/108.mp4 Heart Attack Understanding Heart Attacks and Sudden Cardiac Arrest 1. Differentiating Between Heart Attack and Sudden Cardiac Arrest It's essential to grasp the distinction between these two cardiac events: Heart Attack: A heart attack results from a heart in distress due to blocked blood flow, causing major damage. Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA): SCA occurs when the heart abruptly stops beating altogether. 1.1 The Severity of Heart Attacks Heart attacks are incredibly serious due to the risk of sudden cardiac arrest: Approximately 200,000 deaths annually are attributed to heart and circulatory diseases. Of these, around 90,000 fatalities result from sudden cardiac arrest. Each year in the UK, there are approximately 125,000 heart attack cases. 1.2 Heart Health and Blockages Understanding how heart issues develop over time: Plaque buildup in the heart can lead to blood vessel narrowing and blockages. These blockages, along with muscular spasms, can occur without noticeable symptoms until a heart attack strikes. 2. Recognizing Heart Attack Symptoms Identifying the signs of a heart attack is crucial: Common symptoms include: Chest discomfort and pressure Pain below the breastbone Pain radiating to the left arm, back, jaw, throat, or arms Indigestion-like sensations Sweating, nausea, vomiting Dizziness, extreme weakness Anxiety, shortness of breath Rapid or irregular pulse Feelings of fear and impending doom A heart attack may not always lead to cardiac arrest, but it should never be underestimated. Immediate action is imperative. 2.1 Responding to a Heart Attack What to do when you suspect a heart attack: Call emergency services without delay. Have the person sit on the floor, leaning against a stable surface. Elevate their legs with feet flat and leaning slightly forward to reduce cardiac stress. Stay with the individual, keeping them calm. Consider offering a 300mg aspirin tablet to chew (not swallow) as it can help thin the blood. When the emergency services arrive, provide them with detailed information about the situation and any assistance you've given. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/169/Heart_Attack-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/waiting-for-the-ems-to-arrive https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1556.mp4 Waiting for the E.M.S to arrive What to Do While Waiting for EMS Emergency Preparedness Primary Concern: Patient's well-being should be your top priority while waiting for EMS. Bystander Assistance: Consider involving nearby bystanders who may be able to provide help. Effective Communication Phone Information: Provide detailed information over the phone to EMS, helping them anticipate the situation. Accessibility: Identify any obstacles like obstructive cars or movable items and address them safely. Bystander Support Assistance Seekers: Ask bystanders to assist by locating and guiding the ambulance to your location. Home Safety: Ensure pets are secured and illuminate your home during nighttime emergencies for better visibility. Patient's Medical Details Medications and Conditions: Inquire about the patient's medications and medical conditions to relay to EMS. Doctor's Information: Collect the patient's doctor's details and check if they are currently under hospital care. Workplace Awareness Alert Reception: Inform reception and relevant personnel at the workplace about the accident and EMS arrival. Preventing Delays: Avoid delays in EMS arrival by ensuring everyone is aware of the situation. Stay Connected Mobile Availability: Keep your mobile phone with you to ensure EMS can reach you at any time. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2731/Waiting_for_the_E.M.S_to_arrive-01.jpg Yes 231 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/calling-the-ems https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/868.mp4 Calling the Emergency Services Activating Emergency Medical Services: A Vital Process Immediate First Aid Providing initial first aid is essential, but remember to promptly involve the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for professional assistance. Unified Emergency Number Regardless of the specific emergency service required, the contact number remains consistent. A delay in activating the EMS can have severe consequences: Call 999 or 112: These numbers are universally effective; choose either when in need. Both can be dialled from mobiles and landline phones. Effective Communication When making the call, consider using a hands-free or speakerphone mode to allow multitasking while communicating with the emergency services. They will guide you accordingly: Priority Categorization: The EMS will assess the situation and classify the call by priority. Examples include Category A for life-threatening scenarios and Category B for less critical cases. Service Selection: Specify the required service, which could be an ambulance, fire, police, Coast Guard, or other relevant services. The EMS may dispatch additional units as necessary. Clear Information: Provide a concise description of the situation initially. Answer any further questions as needed. Detailed location information is vital. Location Precision Ensuring accurate location details is critical. Use technology like 'what3words' or location apps for precise coordinates. The EMS can sometimes track your location via phone signals: Scene Safety: Make the environment safe and accessible for the emergency services. Unlock doors, illuminate the area, and secure pets if applicable. Workplace Awareness: Inform colleagues and reception about the EMS's impending arrival to prevent confusion. Assistance Guide: If others are present, delegate someone to meet and guide the EMS to your location, enhancing efficiency. Alternative Contact Methods Consider scenarios where traditional phone calls may not be possible, such as remote locations: Use of Radios: Learn how to operate two-way radios or satellite phones when needed for emergencies. Text Communication: If hearing-impaired, set up emergency service notification via text messages (details available in the download area). Keeping the Line Open If circumstances change or you require updates, don't hesitate to call EMS again. They can stay on the line to assist until their arrival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1509/Calling_the_Emergency_Services-01.jpg Yes 265 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/when-to-call-for-assistance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1946.mp4 When to call for assistance Calling for Help and Starting CPR: What to Do First As soon as you realise a casualty is unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately and ask for an ambulance. Use your mobile phone on speakerphone so you can begin CPR while speaking to the call handler. If someone is with you, ask them to make the call while you start CPR straight away. Why Calling Emergency Services Early Matters When someone collapses or appears unconscious, help must be requested as quickly as possible. The emergency medical services (EMS) dispatcher can rapidly assess the situation and determine the most appropriate response. Waiting to decide what to do wastes valuable time. The sooner EMS are activated, the greater the chance of survival. CPR alone is not enough if professional help is not on the way. An AED and advanced care are essential. For every minute an AED is delayed, the chance of survival falls by around 10%. Early CPR combined with rapid EMS activation significantly improves outcomes. What to Do If More Than One Rescuer Is Present If there is more than one rescuer available: One rescuer should start CPR immediately The other should call emergency services and look for an AED This teamwork minimises delays and maximises the chance of successful resuscitation. What to Do If You Are Alone If you are alone with the casualty: Call emergency services on speakerphone Do not leave the casualty to look for an AED Start CPR immediately The EMS will bring an AED. By starting CPR early, you increase the likelihood that defibrillation will be successful when it arrives. Leaving the casualty to search for an AED reduces blood flow to the brain and lowers their chance of survival. Minimising Interruptions to CPR Keeping chest compressions going is critical. If the casualty is an infant or small child, it may be possible to carry them with you while summoning help, reducing interruptions to CPR. Once you have called EMS, the dispatcher can: Guide you through full CPR, or Support you with chest-compression-only CPR Using speakerphone allows you to receive clear, step-by-step instructions while continuing life-saving care. Key Points to Remember Call emergency services as soon as the casualty is unresponsive Use speakerphone so you can start CPR immediately Do not delay CPR to look for an AED if you are alone Early CPR and early EMS activation save lives Act fast, keep compressions going, and get help on the way. These actions give the casualty the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3505/When_to_call_for_Assistance.jpg Yes 112 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/improving-breaths-2015-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1951.mp4 Improving breaths Rescue Breaths and CPR: Guidelines and Alternatives Rescue breaths play a crucial role in CPR. They should be performed correctly and with proper techniques to maximise their effectiveness in saving lives. Proper Rescue Breath Technique CPR providers should: Give rescue breaths with an inflation duration of about 1 second. Provide sufficient volume to make the victim's chest rise. Avoid rapid or forceful breaths. Limit the time between compressions and breaths to no more than 10 seconds. Dealing with Obstructions If a breath doesn't go in: Check for obstructions in the mouth, but avoid blind finger sweeps. Re-open the airway and try again, but only attempt the recommended number of times. Alternative Breathing Methods Rescue breaths can also be delivered through: Mouth-to-nose ventilation: An acceptable alternative if the victim's mouth is injured, cannot be opened, or a seal is difficult to achieve, or if the victim is in water. Mouth-to-tracheostomy ventilation: Applicable for victims with a tracheostomy tube or tracheal stoma who require rescue breathing. Barrier Devices Barrier devices can help reduce bacteria transmission during rescue breathing. However, their effectiveness in clinical practice remains unknown. Resuscitation Council Recommendations The Resuscitation Council recommends that individuals trained in CPR should perform both rescue breaths and compressions whenever possible. This is particularly important for children, asphyxial cardiac arrest victims (e.g., drowning), and cases with delayed EMS response. Compression-only CPR should only be performed if rescuers are unable to give rescue breaths. The latest CPR guidelines are the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3515/Improving_breaths-01.jpg Yes 141 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/improving-compressions https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1950.mp4 Improving compressions Delivering High-Quality CPR: Position, Depth, Rate, and Technique Providing high-quality CPR is one of the most important actions you can take during cardiac arrest. Small improvements in technique can significantly increase the amount of blood delivered to the brain and heart, improving survival. Correct Position for CPR The optimal position for delivering CPR is by the side of the casualty. This allows easier movement between chest compressions and rescue breaths and helps maintain good technique. However, compressions can also be delivered from over the head if space is limited. This may be necessary in confined environments such as: Aircraft aisles Buses or coaches Trains or other restricted spaces Compression Depth: Why It Matters Fear of causing harm, fatigue, or limited upper-body strength often leads rescuers to compress too shallowly. This is one of the most common CPR errors. Current guidance recommends that adult chest compressions should be 5–6 centimetres deep. Estimating compression depth is difficult, and evidence shows that compressions are often too shallow. Importantly, compressions that are slightly too deep are far less harmful than compressions that are too shallow. Priority: Ensure adequate compression depth every time. Compression Rate: Finding the Right Speed Large studies involving more than 13,000 patients have shown that the highest survival rates occur when chest compressions are delivered at a rate of: 100–120 compressions per minute When compression rates exceed 120 per minute, compression depth often decreases. For this reason, it is important not to exceed two compressions per second. Minimising Pauses in Chest Compressions Every pause in chest compressions reduces blood flow to vital organs. Pauses commonly occur during: Defibrillation Rescue breaths AED rhythm analysis All interruptions should be kept under 10 seconds wherever possible. Clear communication between rescuers is essential to minimise these gaps and maintain effective CPR. Chest Recoil: Just as Important as Compression Allowing the chest to fully recoil after each compression is just as important as pushing down. A common mistake is leaning on the chest, which prevents full recoil. Full recoil allows better venous return to the heart, improving circulation and overall CPR effectiveness. Think of compression and recoil as equal: Compression time = recoil time Managing Fatigue During CPR Compression quality can begin to fall after as little as two minutes. If there are enough rescuers available: Swap the person delivering compressions every two minutes Ensure there is no pause while changing rescuers This helps maintain correct depth, rate, and recoil. Practice Improves Performance Regular practice is one of the best ways to improve CPR quality. Use a CPR manikin whenever possible If practising at home, use a toy or stuffed animal to rehearse hand position and technique Confidence comes from practice, and confident CPR saves lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3513/Improving_compressions-01.jpg Yes 181 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/aed-maintenance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/418.mp4 AED Maintenance A Guide to Maintaining Your AED The Importance of Regular AED Checks In any British workplace, it's paramount to regularly oversee your Automated External Defibrillator (AED) to ascertain its correct functionality. While workplace policies might differ, adhering to the manufacturer's guidelines is essential. Frequency of Checks Your workplace policy may stipulate daily, weekly, or monthly checks. Regardless, consistent vigilance ensures the unit's readiness. Initial Checks: Signs of a Functional AED For many AED units, a flashing light signals proper operation. Conversely, beeping or other warning sounds might highlight issues such as low batteries. Conducting a Comprehensive AED Assessment Engage in the unit's self-test. Any detected issues will prompt warnings and notifications. Upon opening the case, ensure all components are present: pads, instructions, and the unit itself. Inspect the pads for intact seals and check their expiry dates. Examine the unit for damages, humidity, or dust. If damp or dusty, reconsider its storage method. Consider heated cabinets to shield AEDs from extreme cold. Ensure the cabinet's heating and lighting functions are intact. To test the AED, activate the start button. A successful initial analysing-cycle, marked by flashing lights and appropriate voice prompts, confirms its operational readiness. Documentation and Updates Post-check, it's crucial to duly record your observations. Moreover, if your AED is linked to the 999 network, remember to update your records therein. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/783/AED_Maintenance-01.jpg Yes 106 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/course-overview-aed https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2426.mp4 Course overview Course Overview: First Aid Training Introduction Before commencing the course, let's explore what topics are covered in the training. Course Structure Categories: The course is segmented into categories. Video Content: Each category contains multiple instructional videos. Flexible Learning: Pause and revisit any video at your convenience. Regular Updates: Courses are regularly updated with replacements and new videos. Support If you have any questions during the course, feel free to contact us via phone, email, or our online chat facility. Course Content Now, let's provide an overview of the content covered in the course: Section 1: First Aid Fundamentals Fears of First Aid Scene Safety Chain of Survival DRAB and the ABCDs Using Face Shields Initial Assessment Recovery Position First Aid and Infection Control Section 2: Cardiac Arrest and CPR CPR for Adults, Infants, and Children Drowning Compression-only CPR CPR Hand Over Resuscitation of Children Improving Breaths and Compressions Section 3: Automated External Defibrillator (AED) AED Types AED Use Maintenance of AED Units Aftercare https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4335/Course_overview-01.jpg Yes 81 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/seizures-and-cardiac-arrest https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/3268.mp4 Seizures and Cardiac Arrest Recognizing Cardiac Arrest during Seizures 1. Resuscitation Council Guidelines The Resuscitation Council's guidelines emphasize the importance of identifying cardiac arrest in unresponsive individuals not breathing normally. Bystanders and emergency medical dispatchers should maintain suspicion of cardiac arrest in patients with seizures. Careful assessment of breathing should be conducted in such cases. 2. Treating Unresponsive Individuals When encountering an unresponsive individual not breathing normally, it is crucial to treat the situation as a potential cardiac arrest and initiate CPR. 3. Suspicion during Seizures If you come across someone experiencing a seizure, always consider the possibility of cardiac arrest and verify their breathing status. During a seizure, the patient's breathing may pause briefly, typically resuming within 10 to 15 seconds. In some cases, breathing cessation may extend up to a minute. 4. Continuous Breathing Monitoring Remain vigilant for signs of cardiac arrest during a seizure episode by continuously monitoring the patient's breathing until they recover. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5719/Seizures_and_Cardiac_Arrest-01.jpg Yes 73 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/advanced-decision-and-dnr-cpr-in-basic-life-support https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2907.mp4 Advanced Decision and DNR CPR in Basic Life Support Respecting Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Orders in Emergency Care This guide provides essential information about understanding and respecting DNR orders during resuscitation scenarios. What are DNR Orders? DNR orders are legal directives made by patients, often those with terminal illnesses, choosing not to undergo resuscitation efforts at the end of life. These decisions are made in consultation with medical professionals and family members. Identification of DNR Orders DNR orders are usually documented on a red form, signed by the patient, their GP, and nursing staff. The patient's cognitive ability to make such a decision is crucial during the process. Protocol for Healthcare Providers Presence of DNR Orders During an Emergency It is mandatory for a DNR order to be physically present and accessible during a cardiac arrest or at the time of death. Family members should be able to present the DNR order to healthcare providers before resuscitation begins. Actions in the Absence of DNR Orders In cases where a DNR order is not readily available or there is uncertainty, healthcare providers have a duty of care to initiate resuscitation. Always verify the existence of a DNR order before ceasing resuscitation efforts. Guidance for Responding to DNR Orders Verification is Key If informed about a DNR order verbally, request to see the document. If in doubt, proceed with resuscitation until further clarification is obtained. Legal Protection for Rescuers Attempting resuscitation in the absence of a DNR order is legally protected. It is better to err on the side of caution and begin resuscitation until qualified medical personnel arrive or until you receive official confirmation to stop. Conclusion DNR orders are vital in respecting the end-of-life wishes of patients. However, in emergency situations, always seek to confirm the presence of a DNR order before altering standard resuscitation procedures. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5207/Advanced_Decision_and_DNR_CPR_in_Basic_Life_Support-01.jpg Yes 177 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/training-aed-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/290.mp4 Training AED Units Effective Use of AED Training Units Introduction to Training AED Units Discover the importance and functionality of AED training units, designed to simulate real-life emergency scenarios without the risks associated with using actual AEDs. Advantages of AED Training Units Resource Conservation: Avoids the depletion of real AED units' battery life and pad usage. Cost-Effective: Reduces expenses by conserving real unit resources. Training Unit Features Training units like the HeartSine 350 and HeartSine 500 closely replicate actual AEDs, ensuring realistic training experiences. Key features include: Remote controls for scenario setups and pad detection simulations. CPR assistance feedback in advanced models. Importance of Competent Instruction Ensure training is conducted by knowledgeable individuals to maximize the effectiveness of AED training sessions and prevent misinformation. Conclusion Training AED units are an invaluable tool for realistic and safe CPR and AED training, essential for preparing individuals for emergency response situations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/527/Training_AED_Units-01.jpg Yes 82 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/course-summary- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4803.mp4 Course Summary Completing Your Course and Taking the Test with ProTrainings Congratulations on completing your course! Before taking the test, review the student resources section and refresh your skills. Student Resources Section Free student manual: Download your manual and other resources. Additional links: Find helpful websites to support your training. Eight-month access: Revisit the course and view any new videos added. Preparing for the Course Test Before starting the test, you can: Review the videos Read through documents and links in the student resources section Course Test Guidelines No time limit: Take the test at your own pace, but complete it in one sitting. Question format: Choose from four answers or true/false questions. Adaptive testing: Unique questions for each student, with required section passes. Retake option: Review materials and retake the test if needed. After Passing the Test Once you pass the test, you can: Print your completion certificate Print your Certified CPD statement Print the evidence-based learning statement Additional ProTrainings Courses ProTrainings offers: Over 350 courses at regional training centres or your workplace Remote virtual courses with live instructors Over 300 video online and blended courses Contact us at 01206 805359 or email support@protrainings.uk for assistance or group training solutions. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings and good luck with your test! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8553/Course_Summary-01.jpg Yes 127 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/what3words---location-app https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4780.mp4 What3Words - location app Using What3Words to Pinpoint Your Location for Emergency Services When calling emergency medical services, accurately describing your location can be difficult, especially in remote or unfamiliar areas. What3Words is an app that helps solve this problem by pinpointing your exact location using three unique words. How What3Words Works What3Words assigns three random words to a 3-meter by 3-meter square on the Earth's surface. By providing these words to emergency services, they can quickly and accurately find your location. Using the What3Words Website You can use the What3Words website (www.what3words.com) to find your current location or search for a specific address. The algorithm also includes error checking to ensure that slightly incorrect words still lead to the correct location. Using the What3Words App By downloading the What3Words app on your smartphone, you can easily find your current location and store saved locations for future reference. Who Uses What3Words? Around 80% of UK emergency services now use What3Words, along with roadside assistance services like the AA and various UK delivery companies. How to Find Your Location Using What3Words Visit www.what3words.com or open the app. Search for a postcode, or place, or allow the app to find your current location. Select the correct 3-meter square on the map to generate the three unique words for that location. Take note of the three words for future reference or to share with emergency services. What3Words is an innovative and effective way to pinpoint your exact location, no matter where you are in the world. Give it a try to ensure your safety during emergencies. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8507/What3Words_-_location_app.jpg Yes 119 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/initial-assessment-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/102.mp4 Initial Assessment and Recovery Position Managing an Unconscious Casualty: A First Aider’s Guide When you are called to help someone who is unconscious, your actions need to be calm, structured, and deliberate. As a first aider, your priorities are to call for help, keep yourself safe, assess the casualty, and protect their airway. Stop, Think, and Act Before approaching, pause and assess the scene. Look for hazards that could put you or the casualty at risk Remove dangers if it is safe to do so Be alert for traffic, electricity, violence, or environmental risks If possible, make sure someone is with you so they can call the emergency services if required. Initial Contact and Response Check Approach the casualty and introduce yourself: “Hello, my name’s Keith. I’m a first aider.” Gently tap the casualty on the collarbone and ask permission to help. If they are conscious, talk to them, find out what has happened, and encourage them to remain still while you assess the situation. If they are unconscious, you must immediately check whether they are breathing. Checking for Breathing To check breathing, you must first open the airway. Place one hand on the forehead and the other under the chin Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to move the tongue away from the back of the throat Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed With the airway open, look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds: Look for the chest rising and falling Listen for breathing sounds Feel for air on your cheek If the casualty is not breathing normally, you must start CPR immediately. If the Casualty Is Breathing Normally If the casualty is breathing, CPR is not required. However, you must still send someone to call an ambulance. Make sure they return and tell you when help is on the way. Your next priority is to maintain an open airway and prevent choking. Placing the Casualty in the Recovery Position The recovery position helps keep the airway open and allows fluids, such as vomit, to drain safely from the mouth. If gloves are available, put them on and carry out a quick head-to-toe check before moving the casualty: Check the head, shoulders, arms, and chest for deformity, bleeding, or fluid Check the hips and legs are in a normal position If no injuries are found, place the casualty into the recovery position: How to Put Someone into the Recovery Position Kneel beside the casualty Straighten both legs and bring the feet together Place the arm nearest to you out at a right angle to the body Take the far arm and bring it across the chest, holding the hand against the cheek nearest to you With your other hand, bend the far knee so the foot is flat on the floor Using the knee as a lever, gently roll the casualty towards you onto their side Once they are on their side: Check the airway is open Tilt the head slightly back if needed to maintain breathing Adjust the legs to help support the position Ongoing Care From this point, your role is to: Keep the casualty comfortable and warm Speak to them reassuringly, even if they remain unconscious Monitor breathing continuously If you are completely alone and have no phone, you may need to leave the casualty briefly to call emergency services. If you do: Check they are breathing before you leave Check again immediately when you return Important Guidance on Injuries and the Recovery Position Current guidance from the UK Resuscitation Council and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) states: The recovery position is ideal for an unconscious casualty who is not injured If the casualty is injured, it is usually best to leave them on their back to avoid worsening injuries If the airway is compromised, or there is fluid in the mouth, the casualty may need to be placed in the recovery position despite injury If you must leave an injured casualty to get help, place them in the recovery position to protect their airway Key Points to Remember Stop, think, and ensure the scene is safe Check response and breathing early Start CPR if they are not breathing normally Use the recovery position to protect the airway when breathing is present Monitor continuously until emergency help arrives Calm, structured actions save lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/157/Initial_Assessment___Recovery_Position.jpg Yes 231 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/scene-safety-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/101.mp4 Scene Safety Ensuring Scene Safety: A Crucial Step Understanding the Situation Before taking any action, it's vital to assess the safety of the scene. In this simulated scenario, let's consider a car accident: Initial Caution: Avoid rushing in immediately. Survey the scene for potential hazards and dangers. Multiple Factors: For a car accident, assess the presence of other vehicles, bystanders, and the number of individuals involved. Risk Assessment: Perform a swift risk evaluation, considering various elements. Understanding the Vehicle When approaching a vehicle, be alert to specific risks and potential dangers: Fluid Presence: Check for any spilled fluids, such as water, oil, petrol, or diesel, as they may pose a fire hazard. Glass Hazards: Be cautious of broken glass resulting from the accident. Cargo Inspection: If it's a van or similar vehicle, consider what it may be carrying, especially chemicals or gas. Safe Approach Remember the mantra: Stop, Think, Act. Maintain a strategic approach to ensure safety while offering assistance: Engage From the Front: When communicating with the injured party, approach from the front to prevent unnecessary head movement. Establish Identity: Clearly introduce yourself: "I'm Keith, a first aider. Can I help you?" Maintain communication from a distance during the assessment phase. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Don gloves as a precaution before moving closer to the patient. Ensuring Head Stability When approaching the vehicle, be mindful of potential spinal injuries: Control Head Movement: Politely instruct the individual to keep their head still. This step is especially important in suspected spinal injury cases. Effective Communication Engage in a dialogue with the injured party while maintaining vigilance for any evolving dangers: Gathering Information: Ask pertinent questions such as "Are you alone? Is there anyone else in the vehicle? Are there any hazardous materials in the vehicle?" Comfort and Reassurance: A compassionate and informative approach helps ease the patient's anxiety. Calling for Assistance If the scene reveals minor injuries or conditions you can't manage, promptly activate the appropriate emergency services: Clear Reporting: Clearly communicate the nature of the situation to the emergency services dispatcher. Request Assistance: Depending on the circumstances, request an ambulance, police, or other relevant services as needed. Conclusion These safety procedures apply to various scenarios, whether involving adults in car accidents or children requiring assistance. Prioritising scene safety ensures effective care delivery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/155/Scene_Safety-01.jpg Yes 285 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/post-traumatic-stress-disorder https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1321.mp4 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Dealing with Emotional Responses After First Aid Emergencies Understanding Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Learn about the emotional aftermath of first aid emergencies, including CPR and AED use. The experience can lead to overwhelming emotions and self-doubt about your actions and their outcomes. PTSD affects individuals differently and can persist for varying durations. Common Effects of PTSD Flashbacks: Repeated, distressing memories of the event. Nightmares: Frightening dreams related to the incident. Panic Attacks: Sudden, intense anxiety episodes. Depression: Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness. Fear: Ongoing apprehension and unease. Stress: High levels of emotional strain. Short Temper: Increased irritability and anger. Personality Changes: Alterations in behaviour and outlook. Behavioural Avoidance: Steering clear of reminders of the incident. For detailed guidance on PTSD, consult The Royal College of Psychiatrists. Managing PTSD Consider the following strategies for coping with PTSD: Talk About It: Share your feelings with friends, family, colleagues, or healthcare professionals to gain perspective. Maintain Routine: Preserve your regular life patterns to prevent the issue from dominating your existence. Face the Location: Return to the incident site and engage with others who were present, if possible. Exercise Caution: Be attentive when moving around, especially if your concentration is compromised or distracted. Relaxation and Exercise: Utilize relaxation techniques and physical activity to alleviate stress. Seek Professional Help: If the problem becomes overwhelming, consult a healthcare provider for assistance. Remember Your Efforts When confronting a medical emergency, always do your best. You cannot alter the outcome after the event. The crucial aspect is that you aided the individual. Understand that you made a positive impact, as many people choose not to get involved at all. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2375/Post-Traumatic_Stress_Disorder-01.jpg Yes 123 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/infant-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/169.mp4 Infant CPR Infant CPR: How to Resuscitate a Baby Under One Year Old In this section, we will look at how to perform CPR on an infant. An infant is defined as a child under one year old. Cardiac arrest in infants is very rare. However, when it does occur, it is almost always caused by a breathing problem, not a primary heart condition. Acting quickly and using the correct technique gives the infant the best possible chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before doing anything else, check that the area is safe. Look for hazards that could put you or the infant at risk. If it is safe, approach the infant calmly. Step 2: Check for Responsiveness Speak gently to the infant: “Hello, can you hear me?” You are looking for any sign of response. To check responsiveness: Tap or gently flick the sole of the foot Look for movement, sound, or any reaction If there is no response, shout for help immediately. Step 3: Call for Help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, leave their phone with you on speakerphone, and bring an AED if one is available. If you are alone, call 999 yourself on speakerphone and continue your assessment. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. Step 4: Check for Normal Breathing Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the bony part of the chin Gently tilt the head to a neutral position — do not overextend the neck Briefly look inside the mouth for any visible obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed Keep the airway open and look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are checking for chest movement, breathing sounds, and air on your cheek. If the infant is not breathing normally or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Step 5: Give Five Initial Rescue Breaths Because infant cardiac arrest is usually caused by breathing problems, rescue breaths are critical. Maintain a gentle head tilt and chin lift Place your mouth over the infant’s mouth and nose, forming a complete seal Blow gently for about one second, just enough to make the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before the next breath Give five rescue breaths in total. If the chest does not rise, recheck the airway position and seal before trying again. Step 6: Start Chest Compressions After the five rescue breaths, begin chest compressions: Place your two thumbs on the centre of the chest, just below the nipple line Wrap your hands around the infant’s chest, supporting the back with your fingers Compress the chest by one-third of its depth Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. If another rescuer is available, swap every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain high-quality CPR. Step 7: Using an AED on an Infant As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades Continue CPR while the AED is being applied, if possible If only adult pads are available, use them The AED will tell you when to stand clear and when to resume CPR. Resume chest compressions immediately after any shock and continue until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The infant starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or crying Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue If the Infant Starts Breathing If the infant begins breathing normally: Place them in the infant recovery position on their side with the head slightly lower Or hold them in your arms in the same position Continue to monitor breathing closely until help arrives Key Points to Remember Always check for danger before approaching Call 999 early Give five gentle rescue breaths first Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow the prompts Keep checking for normal breathing and signs of life Early recognition, early CPR, and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and calmly can make all the difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/291/Infant_CPR.jpg Yes 287 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/adolescent-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7110.mp4 Adolescent CPR How to Perform CPR on an Adolescent (13–18 Years) In this training film, we will cover how to perform CPR on an adolescent aged between 13 and 18 years. Although cardiac arrest in young people is less common than in adults, it can still occur due to breathing problems, traumatic injury, or sudden collapse. Delivering high-quality CPR is essential and can significantly improve their chance of survival. Initial Safety Checks Ensure the area is safe for both you and the adolescent before approaching. Gently shake their shoulder or tap it and call loudly: “Are you OK?” Calling for Help If they do not respond: Shout for help immediately. If you are alone, call 999 straight away, place the phone on speaker, and begin CPR without delay. The emergency call handler will guide you through the process. If someone else is available, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker if possible, and fetch an AED while you start CPR. Assessing Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift manoeuvre. Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If the adolescent is not breathing or their breathing is abnormal (gasping or irregular), start CPR immediately. Rescue Breaths Matter In adolescents, cardiac arrest often relates to breathing difficulties or trauma, which means rescue breaths are especially important. Give 5 Initial Rescue Breaths Seal your mouth over theirs. Pinch the nose closed. Blow gently for one second per breath and watch for the chest rising. Chest Compressions Deliver 15 chest compressions immediately after the initial breaths. Place your hands in the centre of the chest, on the upper half of the sternum between the nipples. Push down to a depth of 5-6cm. Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute. Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression. Aim to minimise any interruptions. Continue the CPR Cycle After the initial breaths and compressions, continue CPR following this pattern: 15 compressions 2 rescue breaths Repeat this cycle until help arrives or the adolescent begins to show signs of recovery. Using an AED on an Adolescent If an AED is available, switch it on immediately, even if you are partway through a CPR cycle. Continue CPR while attaching the pads. Follow the AED’s voice prompts. Use adult pads if paediatric pads are not available. Pad placement for adolescents is the same as for adults. When to Stop CPR Continue CPR until one of the following occurs: The adolescent starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as moving, speaking, or opening their eyes. The emergency services arrive and take over. You become physically unable to continue—if so, try to pass CPR on to someone else. High-quality CPR can make a critical difference in an adolescent’s chance of survival. Acting quickly and confidently is key. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12844/Adolescent_CPR.jpg Yes 168 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/rcuk-erc-resus-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7112.mp4 RCUK and ERC Resus Guidelines Why the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC Guidelines Matter The Resuscitation Council UK (RCUK) and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) set the official, evidence-based standards for CPR and first aid across the UK and Europe. These are the guidelines that every trainer, training provider, workplace, and first aider is expected to follow. All of our CPR and first aid courses are built around these trusted and regularly updated recommendations. What Is the Resuscitation Council UK? The Resuscitation Council UK is the nation’s leading authority on resuscitation science. It develops evidence-based guidelines covering: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support Paediatric resuscitation (infants, children, adolescents) CPR guidance for both healthcare professionals and lay responders The RCUK ensures that the UK follows safe, consistent, clinically proven methods in all resuscitation training and emergency response. What Is the European Resuscitation Council? The ERC sets the Europe-wide standards for CPR and emergency care. It works closely with national bodies, including the Resuscitation Council UK, and contributes to global research through the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). This collaboration ensures that CPR and first aid practices are aligned with the latest international scientific evidence. Why These Guidelines Are Important for You CPR and first aid guidance evolves as new evidence, clinical studies, and real-world data become available. These guidelines affect: What instructors teach during CPR and first aid courses How course content is structured The techniques you will learn and need to use during an emergency The recommended sequence of actions when someone collapses or stops breathing In short, the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC shape exactly how CPR and first aid should be performed to give someone the best chance of survival. Guidelines Backed by Extensive Research Each update is based on thousands of scientific papers, clinical reviews, expert analysis, and real-life experience. This means that when the RCUK and ERC release new recommendations, they represent the most effective and up-to-date approach to saving lives. The Latest Guidelines We Teach All of our courses follow the latest Resuscitation Council UK and ERC guidelines, released in late 2025 and scheduled for review in 2030. If you have trained with us before, you will notice some important changes—these updates are designed to: Increase survival rates in cardiac arrest Improve outcomes in first aid emergencies Ensure every rescuer uses the most effective, evidence-based methods What This Means for Learners Whether you are refreshing your skills or learning for the first time, these updated guidelines ensure you are trained to the highest and most current standards. In a real emergency, this knowledge can make the difference between life and death. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12838/RCUK___ERC_Resus_Guidelines.jpg Yes 101 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/effective-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1389.mp4 Effective CPR Understanding CPR: The Heart, Cardiac Arrest, and the Importance of Compressions Knowing how the heart functions and the impact of cardiac arrest is crucial for delivering effective CPR. You can keep blood circulating with proper compressions until a defibrillator becomes available. How the Heart Functions The heart's natural pacemaker, the Sinoatrial Node, sends regular electrical impulses from the top chamber (Atrium) to the bottom chamber (Ventricle). This process keeps the heart pumping blood. In cardiac arrest, this normal functioning is disrupted, often due to electrolyte imbalances, potassium interference, or heart-related issues. Cardiac Arrest and Ventricular Fibrillation During cardiac arrest, the heart's electrical pathways are disrupted, causing the heart to experience ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. In this state, defibrillation is necessary to restore normal heart function. Effective CPR and Chest Compressions While waiting for an Automated External Defibrillator (AED), perform effective CPR: Push down 5-6cm at 100-120 beats per minute. Place hands in the centre of the chest. Maintain a straight posture and use body weight. Switch rescuers every two minutes for optimal CPR. Allow the chest to recoil fully between compressions. The Role of AEDs AEDs work by passing electricity through the heart, momentarily stunning it and allowing the heart's pacemaker to restore normal function. In cases of cardiac arrest due to a lack of oxygen, the AED may indicate that no shock is necessary. Continue CPR and monitor the patient until emergency services arrive. Remember: Anyone can perform CPR. The key is to maintain the correct rate and depth of compressions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2505/Effective__CPR-01.jpg Yes 357 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/child-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/168.mp4 Child CPR Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Guidance (Ages 1–12) Cardiac arrest in children is uncommon. When it does occur, it is usually caused by another medical emergency, most often a breathing problem, trauma, or an underlying illness, rather than a primary heart condition. Your first priority is to assess the situation quickly and understand what may have happened. Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the child, always check that it is safe to do so. Look for any dangers that could harm you or the child. If a parent, teacher, or guardian is nearby, ask for permission before intervening: “Can I help your child?” Check for Responsiveness If the child appears unresponsive, speak to them directly. Even if they cannot reply, they may still be able to hear you. Speak calmly and clearly: “Hello, my name’s Keith, I’m a first aider. Can you hear me?” If you know the child’s name, use it, as this can sometimes prompt a response. If there is no response: Gently tap the child’s shoulder or collarbone Ask again, “Are you OK? Can you hear me?” Call for Help If the child remains unresponsive, shout for help immediately. If someone is with you, ask them to call 999 on speakerphone, leave the phone with you, and bring an AED if one is available. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone yourself and continue your assessment. Check for Normal Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift technique Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it if visible Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers on the bony part of the chin, gently tilting the head back Open the mouth slightly and check again for any visible obstruction Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are looking for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for air movement on your cheek. If the child is not breathing normally or is only gasping (agonal breathing), treat this as cardiac arrest. When to Start CPR If you are alone, start CPR immediately and continue for one minute before going to get help. If someone else is present, they should call 999 straight away while you start CPR. In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by a lack of oxygen, so early CPR can help restore breathing and circulation. Five Initial Rescue Breaths Begin CPR with five rescue breaths: Open the airway Pinch the nose closed Seal your mouth over the child’s mouth Breathe steadily for up to one second, just enough to see the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the next breath Repeat until five effective breaths have been delivered. Chest Compressions Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, on the lower half of the sternum, between the nipples Keep your arms straight and shoulders directly above your hand Compress the chest to one-third of its depth (approximately 4–5 cm in a small child) Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions If the child is larger or you cannot achieve enough depth, use two hands, one on top of the other. After the initial five breaths, continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths, keeping interruptions to a minimum. If two rescuers are present, swap roles every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective compressions. Using an AED on a Child As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the chest and one on the back between the shoulder blades For children under 25 kg (around 8 years old), position the front pad slightly to the left side of the chest If only adult pads are available, use them, ensuring they do not touch The AED will analyse the heart rhythm and advise whether a shock is needed. When instructed, ensure everyone is standing clear Make sure no one is touching the child Deliver the shock if advised Immediately resume CPR after the shock, continuing with 15 compressions and 2 breaths until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The child starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or eye opening Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue Key Points to Remember Always check for safety first Call 999 early — if alone, after one minute of CPR Give five initial rescue breaths before compressions Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as it is available Swap rescuers every two minutes where possible to maintain CPR quality Early CPR and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and confidently gives a child the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/289/Child_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 296 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/compressions-only-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/106.mp4 Compressions Only CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Compression-Only CPR In this film, we will show you what to do if an adult suddenly collapses and is not breathing normally, following the latest Resuscitation Council UK guidelines using compression-only CPR. Even if you have never received CPR training, your actions can still save a life. The most important things are to act quickly, call 999, start chest compressions, and keep going until help arrives. Step 1: Check for Danger Before helping, make sure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Broken glass or sharp objects If it is safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake the casualty’s shoulders and shout: “Are you OK?” If there is no response: Shout for help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker, and fetch an AED if one is available If you are on your own, call 999 on your mobile and put it on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway Look for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds Check whether the chest rises and falls normally If the person is not breathing normally, or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Tell the 999 operator that the person is not breathing normally. An ambulance will be dispatched immediately. Step 4: Start Chest Compressions Begin chest compressions straight away. The call handler may say: “Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest, put your other hand on top, and push hard and fast.” How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top and keep your arms straight Push down hard and fast, to a depth of 5–6 cm Allow the chest to fully rise after each compression Continue at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) You can keep time to the beat of a familiar song such as “Stayin’ Alive” or “Baby Shark”, which both match the correct rhythm. Keep Going Until Help Arrives Do not stop CPR unless: The person starts breathing normally or begins to move Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted Using an AED If an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately Follow the spoken instructions The AED will tell you when to stop compressions and when to restart If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If normal breathing returns: Stop chest compressions Carefully roll the person onto their side into the recovery position Keep the airway open with the head slightly tilted back Stay with them and monitor their breathing until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone If the person is not breathing normally, start chest compressions straight away Compress the centre of the chest 5–6 cm deep Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its instructions Even if you are untrained, doing something is always better than doing nothing Act fast, keep pushing, and do not stop. Your actions could save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/165/ADULT_Compression_Only_CPR.jpg Yes 201 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/adult-cpr-hand-over-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/105.mp4 CPR Hand Over Optimizing CPR Efforts: Sharing the Work and Guidelines 1. The Importance of Sharing CPR Efforts Providing CPR can be physically demanding and exhausting. To maintain effectiveness, consider sharing the work with another rescuer. Collaboration with another rescuer helps alleviate fatigue. CPR training is not essential for the second rescuer; instructions can be provided. 2. Coordinated CPR Assistance Efficiently coordinate CPR efforts with a second rescuer: The primary rescuer guides and demonstrates the required actions while performing chest compressions. During the breaths phase, the second rescuer prepares to immediately resume compressions once the breaths are completed. 3. Rotation Every Two Minutes Maintain CPR effectiveness through regular rotation: Consider swapping roles every two minutes to combat rescuer fatigue. If you have no additional assistance and become tired, focus on chest compressions, taking a break from breaths. 4. Staying Updated with CPR Guidelines Stay informed with the latest CPR guidelines: Adhere to the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Stay prepared for future updates and revisions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/163/CPR_Hand_Over-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/adult-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/104.mp4 Adult CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Step-by-Step CPR and AED Guidance Adult cardiac arrest is a time-critical emergency, often caused by sudden cardiac arrhythmia, usually linked to underlying heart disease. Immediate action — calling for help, starting CPR, and using an AED — gives the best chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the casualty, always ensure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Fire Electricity Broken glass or sharp objects If it's safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake their shoulders and ask: “Are you alright?” If there is no response, shout for help. If someone is nearby, ask them to: Call 999 immediately and put the phone on speaker Bring an AED if available If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone so the emergency operator can guide you through CPR. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Next, you need to check for normal breathing: Open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift (place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin, gently tilting the head back) Look into the mouth and remove any visible obstruction, but only if it can be easily seen and removed Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds If the casualty is not breathing normally or only gasping, assume cardiac arrest and start CPR immediately. Step 4: Start CPR Without Delay Tell the 999 operator that the casualty is not breathing normally. The operator will dispatch an ambulance and guide you through CPR step-by-step. How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top, interlock your fingers, and keep your arms straight Press down firmly to a depth of 5–6 cm Release fully after each compression, allowing the chest to rise Continue compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute (about two compressions per second) Tip: You can time compressions to the beat of a familiar song like “Stayin' Alive” or “Baby Shark”, both of which match the right rhythm. Step 5: Give Rescue Breaths After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths: Re-open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift Pinch the nose closed and seal your mouth over theirs Blow steadily for about one second, watching for the chest to rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the second breath Return immediately to chest compressions. If you are unable or unwilling to give breaths, continue with chest compressions only — these are still highly effective and strongly recommended. Step 6: Use an AED as Soon as It Arrives When an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately and follow the spoken instructions Expose the chest and attach the pads as shown on the diagram: One pad just below the right collarbone One pad on the left side of the chest, below the armpit The AED will analyse the heart rhythm. Ensure no one is touching the casualty during this step. If a shock is advised, ensure everyone is clear, say “Stand clear,” and press the shock button. Immediately resume CPR after the shock, starting with chest compressions. If no shock is advised, continue CPR as before. Step 7: Continue Until Help Arrives Continue CPR until: The person starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement, eye opening, or coughing Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If the person starts breathing normally: Stop compressions and place them in the recovery position Keep the airway open and the head slightly tilted back Monitor their breathing continuously until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone Start CPR if the person is not breathing normally Perform 30 compressions to 2 breaths, compressing 5–6 cm at a rate of 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its voice instructions If you cannot give breaths, perform continuous chest compressions until help arrives Every second counts. Your quick actions can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/161/ADULT_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 273 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/three-steps-to-save-a-life https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7078.mp4 Three Steps to Save a Life (2025) The Three Steps to Save a Life: A Simple Emergency Guide The Three Steps to Save a Life approach is an easy, effective method that anyone can use during an emergency. At the heart of the Resuscitation Council UK guidelines, this process shows that you do not need medical training to make a lifesaving difference. Step 1 – Check Check for Safety Before you approach the casualty, ensure the area is safe. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Other environmental dangers Check Responsiveness Once it’s safe, assess whether the person can respond: Gently tap their shoulders Ask loudly, “Are you alright?” If they do not respond and appear unresponsive, move immediately to Step 2. Step 2 – Call Call 999 (or 112 in Europe) without delay. Put your phone on speaker to keep your hands free. The emergency operator will guide you step-by-step. Check Breathing With Guidance The dispatcher will help you assess for normal breathing. Look, listen, and feel for no more than 10 seconds. If the person is not breathing normally or is only gasping, tell the operator immediately. They will talk you through starting CPR. Step 3 – CPR and AED Start CPR Immediately If breathing is absent or abnormal: Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest Put your other hand on top Begin compressions at 100–120 per minute Press down about 5 cm each time Allow the chest to fully rise between compressions Use an AED if Available If an AED is nearby: Turn it on immediately Follow the voice prompts The device will tell you when to pause, stand clear, or resume compressions The emergency dispatcher will stay on the line and support you until professional help arrives. Why These Three Steps Matter Remember: Check • Call • Start CPR with an AED. These quick, simple actions can double or even triple a person’s chance of survival. You don’t need to be a doctor — just willing to act. Your hands, your phone, and your courage truly can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12822/Three_Steps_to_Save_a_Life_2.jpg Yes 149 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/using-an-aed-on-an-infant https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7080.mp4 Using an AED on an infant Using an AED on an Infant: UK Resuscitation Council 2025 Guidance Although infants very rarely experience a shockable heart rhythm, the use of an AED can still be lifesaving when cardiac arrest occurs. High-quality CPR remains the foundation of care. However, if an AED is available, it should be used without delay. Current guidance confirms that AEDs are safe to use on infants and should not be withheld when they are needed. Key Steps for Using an AED on an Infant Call for help immediately.As soon as you know the infant is not breathing, call 999. Ask a bystander to fetch an AED if one is available. Start CPR straight away.Begin CPR immediately. Do not delay compressions and rescue breaths while waiting for an AED. Continue CPR while preparing the AED.When the AED arrives, switch it on while CPR continues. Minimise any pauses while the pads are prepared and applied. Apply the AED pads. If paediatric pads are available, use them. If paediatric pads are not available, use adult pads. Do not delay defibrillation to wait for paediatric pads. Correct pad placement. Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left side. Place the second pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. This front-and-back positioning ensures the heart sits between the pads. Follow the AED prompts.Allow the AED to analyse the heart rhythm. Make sure no one is touching the infant during analysis or shock delivery. Resume CPR immediately.If a shock is delivered, restart CPR straight away and continue for two minutes before the AED re-analyses. Continue until emergency services arrive or the infant shows signs of life. Why Speed Matters When an infant suffers cardiac arrest, every second counts. Early CPR, rapid AED use, and following the device prompts give the infant the best possible chance of survival. Important 2025 Guideline Updates AED use in infants is now explicitly included in the 2025 UK Resuscitation Council guidelines. Pad positioning has changed slightly. Some AED pad diagrams may still show a central chest position. For infants, the front pad should be placed slightly to the left side of the chest. Some AEDs may not mention infant use, but they are safe to use on infants when cardiac arrest is suspected. Key Message Start CPR quickly. Use the AED without hesitation. Follow the prompts. Prompt, confident action can make a lifesaving difference for an infant in cardiac arrest. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12826/Using_an_AED_on_an_infant.jpg Yes 142 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/bra-off-defib-on https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/6113.mp4 Bra Off Defib On Optimising AED Performance: Importance of Clothing Removal The Criticality of Prompt Defibrillation During sudden cardiac arrest, time is of the essence, and immediate defibrillation can be a life-saving intervention. Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) play a crucial role in restoring the heart's normal rhythm by delivering an electric shock. Every second counts in these critical moments. The Significance of Clothing Removal To ensure optimal effectiveness and increase the chances of a successful shock, it is vital to remove all clothing, including bras, from the chest before attaching the AED pads. Clothing can create barriers that hinder direct and uninterrupted contact between the AED electrodes and the patient's bare skin, thereby impeding proper electrode contact. Electrical Interference from Bras Bras contain metal components, such as underwires and clasps, which can interfere with electrical conduction and disrupt the electrical flow from the AED pads. Even non-metallic components, such as fabric and moisture, can create resistance and reduce the efficiency of electric shock delivery. Benefits of Clothing Removal Accurate Pad Placement Great pad placement is essential for the AED to accurately assess the heart's rhythm and deliver the appropriate shock. Removing clothing allows for accurate pad placement directly on the patient's chest, ensuring constant contact throughout the resuscitation process. Optimal AED Performance By eliminating clothing barriers, rescuers can adhere the AED pads securely, avoiding potential interference that might impede the AED's analysis or shock delivery. This improves the overall performance of the AED during the life-saving process. Rescuer Safety Removing clothing, including bras, not only optimizes AED performance but also protects the rescuer. In high-stress situations, rescuers need to act quickly and efficiently. Removing clothing allows them to apply the pads without the complexity of maneuvering around clothing articles. It also eliminates the risk of encountering medical components or inadvertently touching the AED pads, reducing the potential for electrical shock or interference. By understanding the importance of clothing removal and its impact on AED performance and rescuer safety, we can enhance the effectiveness of defibrillation during cardiac arrest events and potentially save lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/10880/Bra_Off_Defib_On-01.jpg Yes 153 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/update-on-aed-pad-placement https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7111.mp4 Update on AED pad placement 2025 UK Resuscitation and ERC Guidelines on AED Pad Placement The latest 2025 Resuscitation Council UK (RCUK) and European Resuscitation Council (ERC) updates have introduced important changes to the recommended placement of AED pads for adults, children, and infants. These updates are based on new evidence intended to improve the effectiveness of defibrillation and increase survival rates. Why AED Pad Placement Has Changed For many years, AED pads have included diagrams showing where to place them on the chest. However, with the release of the new guidelines, these diagrams may now be out of date. This is because AED pad manufacturers still hold large quantities of older stock, and it could take up to five years for all pads in circulation to reflect the updated placements. Until then, the diagram on the pad may not match the new recommended positions. For the best chance of a successful shock, you should follow the latest RCUK and ERC guidance, even if the printed diagram suggests something different. Updated AED Pad Placement for Adults For adults, the new recommended placement is: Left-side pad: Position this pad under the left armpit. This placement improves the pathway of the electrical shock across the heart. Right-side pad: This pad remains in the traditional position on the upper right chest. Important note for female casualties: avoid placing the right-side pad over breast tissue; adjust slightly if needed to maintain full contact with the skin. Updated AED Pad Placement for Children (Under 25 kg or Approx. Under 8 Years) For smaller children, the recommended placement has also changed: Front pad: Place it on the chest but slightly offset to the child’s left side, rather than directly centred. Back pad: The rear pad position remains the same as before. For older children and adolescents, AED placement remains the same as adult positioning (front and back, standard locations). New Guidance for Infants One of the most notable updates is the introduction of clear guidance on AED use for infants. Many rescuers may not have been taught this previously, but AEDs can and should be used on infants in cardiac arrest. The new recommended placement is: Back pad: Place one pad in the centre of the infant’s back. Front pad: Position the second pad on the chest, slightly offset to the infant’s left side. This placement ensures an effective shock pathway while accommodating the much smaller chest size of an infant. Key Takeaway Always follow the latest Resuscitation Council UK and ERC guidelines rather than relying solely on the diagrams printed on AED pads. These changes are designed to improve defibrillation effectiveness and provide the best possible outcome for the casualty. Whether you are treating an adult, a child, or an infant, knowing the correct AED pad placement can be life-saving. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12842/Update_on_AED_pad_placement.jpg Yes 83 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/using-an-aed-on-an-adolescent https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7116.mp4 Using an AED on an adolescent CPR and AED Use for an Unresponsive Adolescent (Ages 13–18) If you find an adolescent aged 13 to 18 years who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, the resuscitation approach is slightly different from that used for adults. Acting quickly and confidently can make a life-saving difference. What to Do First If the adolescent is unresponsive and not breathing normally: Call 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance. If you are unsure whether they are breathing normally, treat them as though they are not. Put your phone on speaker so the call handler can guide you. Start CPR Straight Away In adolescents, cardiac arrest is often linked to breathing problems. For this reason: Begin with five rescue breaths. Then start chest compressions. Chest Compressions Compress the chest to a depth of 5–6 cm. Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions. Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute. Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. Do not stop CPR while someone is fetching an AED. Using an AED on an Adolescent Use an AED as soon as it arrives. Switch the AED on and follow the voice and visual prompts. If available, use a paediatric mode or paediatric pads, which reduce shock energy for smaller bodies. If paediatric settings are not available, use adult pads and settings. Never delay defibrillation. Correct Pad Placement Ensure the chest is bare and dry. Place one pad on the top right side of the chest. Place the other pad under the left armpit. This is the same pad placement used for adults. During AED Analysis and Shock When the AED says “Stand clear”, ensure no one is touching the adolescent. If a shock is advised, make sure everyone stays clear while it is delivered. Restart chest compressions immediately after the shock, or if no shock is advised. Continue CPR Until Professional help arrives and takes over, or The adolescent shows clear signs of life, or You are physically unable to continue. Key Safety Message AEDs are extremely safe to use on adolescents. They will only deliver a shock if it is needed. Early CPR and early defibrillation dramatically improve survival rates. The most important thing is to act quickly, confidently, and without delay. Your actions could save a young life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12894/Using_an_AED_on_an_adolescent.jpg Yes 143 https://www.probls.co.uk/training/AED/video/after-you-have-used-an-aed https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1907.mp4 After you have used an AED Maintaining Your AED After Use Replacing Pads and Batteries Steps to ensure your AED is ready for future emergencies: Immediate Replacement: If your AED unit has spare pads, replace them immediately. Contacting Suppliers: For units without spare pads, promptly order new ones. Free Pad Replacement: With certain manufacturers like HeartSine, data sharing might entitle you to free replacement pads. Data Extraction and Sharing Contribute to the improvement of AED technology: Accessing Data: Use the USB connection to download data from your AED unit. Software Utilisation: Download the manufacturer’s software for data extraction. Manufacturer Collaboration: Share data to aid in AED technology advancement. Updating AED Records Keeping track of maintenance activities for compliance: Record Keeping: Document the date of new pad and battery installations. Expiration Monitoring: Regularly check and update the expiry dates for pads and batteries. Specific Brand Instructions Understanding different AED brands and their maintenance requirements: HeartSine Units: Unique pad and battery combination for simplified maintenance. ZOLL and Others: Separate pad and battery replacements may be necessary. Conclusion Proper post-use maintenance of your AED unit is crucial to ensure it's ready for the next emergency. Regularly update your maintenance records and replace consumables as needed. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3431/After_you_have_used_an_AED-01.jpg Yes 180